Wellness Blog

Multi-Vitamins Benefits

2009-01-16T20:53:00.000-08:00

What Are Multi-vitamins?

We all know that we need a certain dosage of vitamins and minerals each day in order to maintain health. But the startling truth is that more than 80 percent of American women and 70 percent of American men received less than two-thirds of their Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of one or more nutrients, according to a 2006 USDA survey. For some, taking a multi-vitamin on a daily basis may be the answer to ensuring that you get the vitamins and minerals you need.

What Is a Multi-vitamin?
Multi-vitamins are "all-in-one" pills that contain a combination of vitamins, minerals and trace elements. There are many different types of vitamins and minerals and many different combinations thereof. Dr. Ray Sahelian, a certified family practice doctor who specializes in nutrition, says that there are thousands of different vitamin companies and each one will include a different amount of vitamins and minerals in their products. Some may focus on providing a mixture of antioxidants like vitamins A, E and C in addition to various minerals. Others might concentrate on calcium and magnesium supplements, while some offer a complete range of vitamins and minerals.

However, typical multi-vitamins usually contain protein, vitamin A, D, E, C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folacin (folic acid), B12, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine and selenium plus some other nutrients can be included. Vitamin K, which is involved in blood clotting, is only available by prescription because of toxicity.

Multi-vitamins usually consist of raw U.S.P. (United States Pharmacopeia) ingredients that are individually purchased from a supplier, formulated, blended and then put into pill form. The most common and cheapest method is to compress all the ingredients into a tablet, under 50,000 pounds of pressure. Multi-vitamins can also be encapsulated without compression, and you end up with more pills and bigger bottles. Multi-vitamin supplements are also available in chewable and liquid forms.

Why Should I Consider Taking Them?

There are many different reasons why you should take a multi-vitamin. In general, vitamins help regulate metabolism, help convert fat and carbohydrates into energy, and assist in forming bone and tissue. They can also promote wound healing. But vitamins cannot be assimilated by the body without minerals. While the body can produce some of the vitamins, it cannot produce any of the minerals. All tissues and internal fluids of the body contain varying quantities of minerals. Bones, teeth, soft tissue, muscle, blood, and nerve cells are comprised of minerals. These minerals act as catalysts for many biological reactions within the body, including muscle response, the transmission of messages through the nervous system, the production of hormones, digestion, and the utilization of nutrients in foods.

A healthy balanced diet should provide all the vitamins and minerals you need, but with manufacturing processes that destroy nutrients, food storage methods that allow nutrients to be depleted and the hectic lifestyle of the modern world, which encourages us to depend on junk food, this is often not possible. Taking a multi-vitamin can make up for low vitamin and mineral intake, though it is no substitute for a healthy balanced diet.

Certain groups of people can benefit from taking multi-vitamins to compensate for the loss of important vitamins and minerals. Smokers, pregnant women, those who consume alcohol, older individuals and athletes, those who take certain medications, or those with food allergies, for example, can all benefit from taking multi-vitamins. Vegetarians can also benefit from taking a multi-vitamin, as can those consuming less than 1,200 calories a day to lose weight. If you are under stress or have generally poor nutrition you should also take a multi-vitamin.

If you find yourself in any of these categories you may not be getting the vitamins and nutrients that you need in your diet because of inhibiting factors. A multi-vitamin might be the answer to compensating for that lack.

Many different people can benefit from taking a multi-vitamin. If you are not eating a healthy diet then you should take a supplement to give your body the vitamins and minerals it needs. You may also need a multi-vitamin at different stages in your life; when you are pregnant, experiencing menopause or aging. Lifestyle choices such as smoking, drinking and taking drugs also create a need for additional vitamins and minerals.

During Pregnancy
Studies show that pregnant women can be protected against the occurrence of fetal neural tube defects by taking a multi-vitamin or folate. Multi-vitamins containing folic acid and the B vitamins are especially helpful to those in this category. Studies also show that the iron requirements of pregnant women cannot be met by diet alone and an iron supplement should be taken. More iron is needed for both fetal demand and the large increase in maternal blood volume.

If You Smoke or Consume Alcohol
Dr. Sahelian says that smokers can benefit from increased antioxidants intake in order to protect their lung tissue and vitamin B, since smoking adversely affects the absorption of this vitamin. Consuming alcohol inhibits the intake of vitamin C.

As You Age
The ability to absorb B vitamins declines with age, according to Dr. Sahelian, and older individuals can benefit from taking a multi-vitamin with vitamin B and calcium. These multi-vitamin supplements can boost the immune system by up to 60 percent. Good vitamin and mineral intake can also lessen the incidence of infectious diseases in the aged.

Athletes
Athletes put enormous physical stress on their systems, using up a lot of vitamins during energy production, says Dr. Sahelian, and are also candidates for taking multi-vitamins.

Vegetarians - Especially Vegans
Vegetarians, and especially vegans, are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to anemia and nerve and muscle problems, because this vitamin is only found in animals. Taking a multi-vitamin or mineral supplement, providing 100 percent of the RDA for vitamin B12, can help prevent this deficiency, according to the American Dietetic Association.

Including a multi-vitamin in your lifestyle can be a good step to improving your overall health. According to Dr. Sahelian, multi-vitamins are the insurance policy of the body; they help provide the nutrients that may be missing in the diet. Most people who take a multi-vitamin feel more energetic and alert, with an improved sense of vitality, says Dr. Sahelian.

How Much Do You Need?

Every person is different and we all need different amounts of the various vitamins and minerals. A good guide is the Recommended Dietary Allowance guidelines, which are usually published on the boxes of multi-vitamins. But remember ingesting the RDA of each vitamin and mineral does not mean you are getting the optimal amount of those substances. The RDA is meant as a guide to the average amount of vitamins and minerals most people need to maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies. Before taking any vitamins, check with your doctor to determine your individual needs.

Taking vitamin supplements with food can help increase absorption and avoid stomach irritations, which can occur if a multi-vitamin is taken on an empty stomach. If you are taking a multi-vitamin with high dosages of certain vitamins and minerals like vitamin B or A, use a time-release capsule or divide the tablet up and take it in smaller doses during the day. Multi-vitamins with a high content of fat-soluble vitamins like A, E and K should be taken with the meal containing the most fat.

Read the label on the multi-vitamin carefully and choose one that offers the necessary vitamins and minerals you need. Also look out for the use of colorants and preservatives and avoid those supplements that contain them in great amounts. It is also important to check the date on a multi-vitamin bottle. The efficacy of vitamins, especially antioxidants, could decrease with time, as air, light exposure and heat can break them down.

When choosing a multi-vitamin be sure to consider and look for the following:

A statement on the box that says that it has been tested for disintegration and dissolution under USP methods. Sometimes the additional substances added to the vitamins and minerals or the production process make them hard to absorb. The USP tests ensure that the multi-vitamin can be broken down and used by your body.
A multi-vitamin that contains the entire B vitamin complex (thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, pantothenic acid and cobalmin), as these work together synergistically.
Look for natural beta-carotene (Dunaliella salina) rather than the synthetic kind.
A product with more than 400 micrograms of folic acid and 30 micrograms of B-12. These two substances can assist with cardiovascular health.
Multi-vitamins that contain large amounts of antioxidants like vitamins A, C and E as well as selenium, zinc and copper. Antioxidants protect your body from free-radical damage.
Look for chelated minerals as these offer maximum absorption and utilization. Chelated minerals are those that are bound to amino acids.
If you are a woman of childbearing age, do not chose a multi-vitamin with more than 4000 IU of vitamin A in the form of acetate or palmitate.
Look for natural vitamin E, which is denoted by the d- prefix, for example d-alpha tocopherol. This type of vitamin E is more easily absorbed by the body than synthetic kinds (denoted by the dl- prefix), which is more easily excreted by the body.
Avoid products using sulfates as the source for minerals. Iron from ferrous sulfate is inferior to iron from ferrous fumarate or ferric citrate.

Whichever you choose, always be sure to follow the directions provided and always store your vitamin supplements in a cool, dry place to prevent the breakdown of the ingredients. Make sure that the multi-vitamins you buy were also stored in a cool, dry place.

The Vitamins and Minerals You Need

2009-01-15T12:23:00.000-08:00

You may take your health for granted, but as the saying goes 'Ignore your health and it will go away!'

The key to maintaining good health is having an understanding of what your body needs. From the moment of conception and throughout your lifetime, your body needs the same 40 or more nutrients. However, the amount of each nutrient will vary with the stages of life or illness.

When looking at your nutrient and health goals, it is important to keep these objectives in mind: supply your body with enough good nutrition to avoid deficiencies, and provide your body with the appropriate amounts of necessary nutrients to maintain and support optimal health. Since no single food supplies all the nutrients your body needs, eating a wide variety of foods in moderation can help.

Why You Need Vitamins and Minerals
Scientists continue to uncover how specific vitamins and minerals work individually and together to protect health. Although, needed in small amounts, these micronutrients play a powerful role in keeping your body going each day. Vitamins are needed to transform food into energy, they help to regulate bodily processes, and they combine with other substances to facilitate chemical reactions in your body. Minerals do similar types of work, in addition to, being the foundation for many cells especially bone, teeth, and nails.

Antioxidants
As you read news headlines, it is sometimes hard to make sense of the featured benefits of vitamins and minerals. This is particularly true for the claims about antioxidants that have them tagged as "wonder" nutrients for their wide-ranging impact from preventing heart disease and cancer to slowing the aging process. However, how do you know it's true? Well, understanding what they do and where they are found may help.

What They Do
Antioxidants work on neutralizing free radicals, oxygen byproducts in your body that can damage healthy cells. Free radicals are unstable oxygen molecules flowing through your body that have lost an electron through exposure to pollution, sunlight, and daily wear and tear. These free radicals search out healthy cells and steal their electrons to stabilize themselves, thus creating more free radicals and damaging healthy cells in the process.

Free radical damage is what can cause fat to stick to artery walls, cell mutations leading to cancer formation, and damage to eyes that may lead to cataracts. Antioxidants block this process by coming between the free radical and the healthy cell and offering up their own electrons. Therefore, they neutralize the free radicals and keep your healthy cells out of harm's way.

Where They Are Found
Antioxidant nutrients include three micronutrients: beta carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E. These work in conjunction with several minerals such as selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese to remove free radicals from your body.

To get enough of these nutritional powerhouses focus your diet on real foods rather than supplements. Real foods are preferable because researchers are still unsure about which substances in food are responsible for the beneficial effects. Plus, they do not know whether benefits come from a combination of nutrients or one single vitamin or mineral, or a compound yet to be found.

Antioxidant and Mineral-Rich Foods
Foods rich in beta-carotene include sweet potatoes, apricots, peaches, carrots, cantaloupe and spinach. Vitamin C rich foods include peppers, cantaloupe, oranges, grapefruit, strawberries, kale and potatoes. Nuts, seeds and oils are foods rich in vitamin E, as well as, fortified cereals and leafy green vegetables.

Seafood is the best source of selenium. To ensure adequate intake of manganese, whole grain products, pineapples, strawberries and tea should be added to your weekly shopping list. For foods rich in zinc look to meat, seafood, wheat bran, whole-grains, legumes and soybeans. By including seafood and nuts in your regular diet it will also help you cover your zinc needs.

Calcium
Besides building bones as we grow, calcium also helps to keep them strong by slowing the rate of bone loss as we age. What many people don't realize is that calcium also helps with muscle contraction and blood pressure. Dairy products are the best source, but some leafy greens such as kale, broccoli and bok choy contain calcium. Fortified foods and tofu made with calcium sulfate can also help meet your needs.

Iron
Without iron your body would be starving for oxygen, this mineral plays an important role in hemoglobin formation, which carries oxygen to the body's cells. Iron found in animal foods (heme-iron), such as meat, chicken, and eggs, and is better absorbed by the body than iron found in plant foods (non-heme). You can enhance the absorption of non-heme iron by combining it with foods rich in vitamin C.

Multi-Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
Evaluating whether you need a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement can be tricky and confusing for some. You should check with your doctor to determine if taking any type of supplement is appropriate for you. Most researchers will agree that taking a daily multivitamin is a good source of health insurance for those days your diet gets short-changed.

Additional supplements that your doctor may recommend include:

200 IU of vitamin E everyday - it has been linked with cancer prevention and reducing risk of heart disease. If you are at risk for these diseases it may be raised to 400 IU.
For women who are planning to get pregnant, 400 mcg of folic acid supplement can reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
Women in their menopausal years can benefit taking additional calcium, at least 600-1200 mg /day.
Make sure there is some vitamin D available either in the multivitamin supplement or calcium supplement to aid in the absorption of calcium.

To ensure that your body has every chance for health promotion and disease prevention, start with eating a well-balanced meal plan and consider supplementing with a multivitamin and mineral tablet containing at least 100% percent of the USRDA or Daily Value (DV).

Copper: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-19T11:50:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Copper plays a role in bone, hemoglobin, red blood cells, collagen, and nerve sheath formation. It is also involved in the metabolism of vitamin C, energy production and needed for taste sensitivity.

Dietary Sources
Copper is found in oysters, lobster, and other shellfish, as well as in nuts, avocados, potatoes, organ meats, whole grains, beans, peas and raisins.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
Deficiency is rare, although some people with celiac disease may have trouble absorbing copper.

Cautions
A rare disorder called Wilson's disease results in copper accumulation in the liver, causing toxicity and if left untreated, may result in death.

Boron: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-19T11:49:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Boron is necessary for healthy bones and calcium and for the metabolism of magnesium and phosphorous.

Dietary Sources
It is found in carrots, apples, grapes, pears, leafy vegetables, and grains.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
Boron deficiency is rare, although some elderly people may need small supplements to aid in calcium absorption.

Benefits
It is thought that boron may prevent bone loss and demineralization, especially in postmenopausal women.

The Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium and Chloride)

2008-12-19T11:48:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
All are necessary for maintaining water balance and blood pH, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction. They are important for regulating blood pressure and are involved in transporting substances in and out of cells.

Dietary Sources
Sodium and chloride are found in virtually all foods. Good sources of potassium include apricots, bananas, dates, brewer's yeast, nuts, potatoes, and raisins.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
People who have had severe vomiting or diarrhea may experience electrolyte imbalances, as may people taking diuretics.

Benefits
Potassium may protect against stroke, and keeping sodium-potassium balance is important for maintaining low blood pressure (reducing sodium and increasing potassium).

Cautions
High sodium intake is linked to high blood pressure.

Sulfur: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-19T11:46:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Sulfur is required for the synthesis of a number of amino acids, and it protects against radiation and air pollution. It is also necessary for the keeping the integrity of the skin intact.

Dietary Sources
Good sources of sulfur include eggs, fish, milk and dairy products. It is also found in onions, cabbage, beans, garlic, kale, soybeans, and turnips.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
Deficiency is unheard of.

Benefits
Because of its protective role against harmful substances, it may slow the aging process.

Cautions
No known toxicity.

Magnesium: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-19T11:44:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Magnesium is necessary for healthy bones and teeth, nerve transmission, muscle relaxation, and needed to produce hundreds of enzymes. It's involved in regulating blood pressure and keeps your heart beating. It also helps in calcium and potassium uptake.

Dietary Sources
Good sources include nuts, beans, dark green leafy vegetables, milk, soymilk, bananas, whole grains and seafood.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you are an alcoholic, have diabetes, kidney disease, or have diarrhea, use laxatives often or vomit excessively (as in bulimia).

Benefits
May prevent sudden heart attacks, heart arrhythmias, lower blood pressure, prevent and lessen the severity of asthma attacks, may help diabetics control their blood sugar, may reduce migraine attacks, and along with calcium and vitamin D, prevents osteoporosis.

Cautions
At high doses magnesium can be toxic. If you suffer from congestive heart failure, you should not take magnesium supplements.

Calcium: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T12:37:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Calcium is necessary for strong bones and teeth. It is also needed for nerve transmission, hormone and enzyme production, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and controlling blood pressure.

Dietary Sources
The best sources are milk and dairy products such as yogurt and ice cream. Other sources include broccoli, spinach, kale, beans, nuts, tofu, sardines, and salmon.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you are lactose intolerant, smoke, drink alcohol, or take steroid, thyroid, high-cholesterol drugs, or antacids. Female athletes and menopausal women are also at higher risk. If you are deficient in vitamin D, you can't absorb or use calcium.

Benefits
Calcium prevents osteoporosis and may prevent high blood pressure, decrease the risk of colon cancer, and prevent kidney stones (only if the calcium comes from dietary sources, not supplements).

Cautions
People with a history of kidney stones or disease should not take calcium supplements.

Pantothenic Acid: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T12:31:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Pantothenic acid, sometimes referred to as vitamin B5, is used by the body to make coenzyme A, an enzyme needed to break down fats and carbohydrates into usable energy. It is also important in red blood cell production, synthesis of cholesterol and hormones, nerve transmission, and healthy adrenal gland functions.

Dietary Sources
Found in most foods, the good sources include: meat, eggs, saltwater fish, milk, mushrooms, beans and fresh vegetables.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
Alcoholics.

Cautions
No known toxicity.

Biotin: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T12:29:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Biotin is a member of the B vitamin family, although it is not considered a true vitamin in that it is made in our bodies by intestinal bacteria. It is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and healthy skin, hair, and nails.

Dietary Sources
Most of our biotin is made by our intestinal bacteria, but it can be found in beef liver, brewer's yeast, cooked egg yolks, poultry, soybeans, saltwater fish, milk, cheese, rice bran and whole grains.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you take long antibiotics for a long time, you are on a very low calorie diet for a long period of time, or bodybuilders who eat large quantities of raw eggs.

Benefits
There have been claims that biotin can prevent baldness, but the evidence is only in cases of an underlying biotin deficiency.

Cautions
Considered non-toxic.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T12:28:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is necessary for cell growth and division and healthy red blood cells. It is also involved in the formation of the myelin coat of nerve cells and is needed for proper digestion and absorption of food.

Dietary Sources
B12 is found in animal sources such as beef and lamb kidneys, beef, calf, and pork livers, fish, eggs, and small amounts are found in soybean products.

Who is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you are a strict vegetarian or vegan or if you are over the age 50. You may need additional B12 if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, smoke, or take drugs for heartburn or ulcers, or if you have been on prescription potassium supplements for a long time.

Benefits
Prevents anemia.

Cautions
No known toxicity. High doses of vitamin C should not be taken within an hour of B12.

Folate (Folic Acid): Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:46:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Also known as folic acid or folacin, folate is needed for energy production. It plays roles in synthesizing proteins and genetic material, building muscle, making new cells, especially red blood cells, and transmission of nerve signals.

Dietary Sources
The best sources of folic acid are liver (chicken, beef, lamb and pork), beans, green leafy vegetables, and brewer's yeast.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you are elderly, pregnant or breastfeeding, you drink alcohol or smoke, you take birth control pills, or certain prescription medications for seizures, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis or urinary tract infections.

Folic acid is a B Vitamin that everyone needs for cell growth. It is especially important for women who may become pregnant.

Benefits
The most well known benefit of folic acid is its ability to prevent neural tube defects, spina bifida, and anencephaly if taken in early pregnancy, preferably months prior to conception. Folic acid also breaks down homocysteine, which can prevent heart disease, and may prevent cervical and colon cancer.

Cautions
There is no known toxicity of folic acid. Note it can interfere with a number of anticonvulsant drugs.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) : Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:37:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Pyridoxine is essential for virtually every body function and like the other B vitamins, is involved in energy release from food. It is also involved with red blood cell formation, antibody production, the making of many neurotransmitters of the nervous systems, and is needed for the synthesis of DNA and RNA.

Dietary Sources
The best sources of pyridoxine are chicken, beef, pork, fish, eggs and milk. Fruits and vegetables are low in pyridoxine, but the best choices include: bananas, mangoes and potatoes.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you drink alcohol, smoke, are a strict vegetarian or vegan, are pregnant or breastfeeding, take birth control pills, or take some prescription medications used to treat high blood pressure, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma.

Benefits
Pyridoxine has been found to help people suffering from asthma, diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, kidney stones, depression, morning sickness, and can help prevent heart disease.

Cautions
Too much pyridoxine can cause neurological symptoms such as tingling hands and feet.

Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:35:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Niacin is involved in fat metabolism and energy production, and maintaining blood glucose levels. It is important for proper blood circulation and the synthesis of sex hormones. The body can make some of the niacin we need from tryptophan, an amino acid obtained from protein.

Dietary Sources
Niacin is found in meat, poultry, fish, eggs and many whole grains and cereals have niacin added. Tryptophan is abundant in protein foods such as milk and dairy products, eggs, meats, poultry, and fish.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you are an alcoholic or a strict vegetarian or vegan.

Benefits
Niacin has been found to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood at high doses. Note that high doses should be taken only under a doctor's supervision.

Cautions
Niacin supplements should not be taken if you are pregnant, diabetic, or suffer from gout, liver disease, or peptic ulcers or are on high blood pressure medicine. Excessive amounts of niacin taken over time can lead to liver damage. A reddening of the face and neck (flush) is common at some doses of niacin.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:32:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Riboflavin is essential for extracting energy from the carbohydrates, protein, and fats in the foods you eat. It is also important for red blood cell formation, antibody production, and keeps the mucous membranes that line the mouth, eyes, nose throat, urinary and digestive tracts healthy.

Dietary Sources
Riboflavin is found in lean meats, poultry, fish, cheese, eggs, milk, whole or enriched grains, and vegetables such as asparagus, broccoli, mushrooms, avocados, and spinach.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk for deficiency if you are older, exercise strenuously, are a strict vegetarian, have diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome or other malabsorption disorders, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or take tricyclic antidepressants or birth control pills.

Benefits
Some research suggests that riboflavin may reduce the incidence and severity of migraines. It is also thought to be beneficial in carpal tunnel syndrome, cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis and sickle cell anemia.

Cautions
There is no known toxicity.

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:31:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Thiamin is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates for energy. It is also important for brain function, memory and mental performance, proper growth, appetite, and heart function.

Dietary Sources
Good sources of thiamin include: pork, beef liver, fish, fortified breads, cereals, flour, and pasta, wheat germ, whole grains, nuts, sunflower seeds, beans, and peas.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
Alcoholics are the group most at risk. Thiamin deficiency is also more common in schizophrenics, long-term kidney-dialysis patients, diabetics and the elderly. You may need more thiamin if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, take oral contraceptives, have an overactive thyroid or are on a high-carbohydrate diet. Large amounts of coffee and tea may also reduce the body's absorption of thiamin.

Benefits
Thiamin may prevent canker sores.

Cautions
There is no known toxicity.

Vitamin C: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:27:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, is necessary for the development and maintenance of the connective tissue, for healthy gums and wound healing, and it helps fight off infections and boost immunity. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant and protects the body's tissues from free radical damage.

Dietary Sources
Good sources of vitamin C include: papayas, cantaloupe, citrus fruits, strawberries, green peppers, sweet red peppers, tomatoes, and broccoli.

Who is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you smoke, drink alcohol, are stressed, have diabetes, allergies, asthma, a cold or flu, have had recent surgery, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or take contraceptives, antibiotics, steroids or aspirin regularly.

Benefits
Vitamin C may prevent cataracts, heart disease and cancer and is helpful in allergies, asthma, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.

Cautions
Very high doses of vitamin C may result in diarrhea. Aspirin and vitamin C taken together in large doses may cause stomach ulcers.

Vitamin K: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:25:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Vitamin K is involved in blood clotting. It is necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin, which after various conversions forms the blood clot. Vitamin K is also necessary for bone formation and the making of new bone cells. While vitamin K can be obtained from dietary sources, bacteria that live in our intestines make much of the vitamin.

Dietary Sources
Vitamin K is found in dark leafy vegetables such as spinach, turnip greens, broccoli, green cabbage as well as in tomatoes, liver, egg yolks, whole wheat, fruits, cheese, ham and beef.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you have liver disease, Crohn's disease, if you have been on antibiotics for an extended period of time, or take certain cholesterol-lowering drugs.

Benefits
Vitamin K is necessary for preventing, and may slow down, osteoporosis.

Cautions
Large doses should not be taken during the last month of pregnancy. Large doses of synthetic vitamin K can be toxic and cause liver damage. Antibiotics interfere with the absorption of vitamin K and kill the bacteria in the intestine responsible for synthesizing much of the body's vitamin K.

Vitamin E: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:24:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant, protecting cells from free radicals and oxidative damage. It is also important in maintaining the immune system, and making red blood cells. Vitamin E improves circulation, promotes wound healing and reduces scarring.

Dietary Sources
Vitamin E is found in many oils, including: wheat germ, hazelnut, sunflower, almond, safflower, soybean and peanut oils, as well as in whole grain cereals, eggs, peaches, avocados, and leafy greens.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk if you suffer from Crohn's disease, liver disease, cystic fibrosis, or it you are on a very low-fat, low-calorie diet.

Benefits
Higher doses of vitamin E may help to protect against heart disease, cancer, and cataracts, and boost the immune system.

Cautions
Vitamin E supplements and iron supplements should not be taken together, as inorganic forms of iron destroy vitamin E.

Vitamin D: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:21:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Vitamin D is essential for the absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus from food and for maintaining proper calcium levels in the blood. It is very important for strong bones and teeth, is involved in cell growth, enhances the immune system, regulates blood sugar levels, and is necessary for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Dietary Sources
Vitamin D is found in fortified milk (all milk in the United States is fortified with vitamin D) and fortified cereals, butter, margarine, cheese, fish, and oysters.

In addition, the body can make vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Direct sunlight on the face and arms for 10-15 minutes, three times a week is recommended to meet vitamin D requirements.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk for deficiency if you don't get much sunlight, are a strict vegetarian or vegan, are lactose-intolerant, have kidney or liver disease, take certain cholesterol-lowering drugs, corticosteroids, or anticonvulsant drugs, or abuse alcohol. Older folks are also at risk as the skin makes less vitamin D as we age.

Benefits
Vitamin D may protect against colon cancer, and possibly breast and prostate cancers. Vitamin D can protect against hearing loss by strengthening the small bones of the ear. And in cream form, vitamin D can help relieve the skin disorder, psoriasis.

Cautions
Large doses of vitamin D over a period of time can be toxic. Vitamin D should not be taken without calcium.

Vitamin A: Role in the Body & Benefits

2008-12-16T11:19:00.000-08:00

Role in the Body
Vitamin A is best known for its role as a component of proteins in the eye, which enable you to see in dim light. In addition, vitamin A boosts immunity, keeps the skin and mucous membranes moist, aids in fat storage and protein use, is necessary for new cell growth and is important in the formation of bone and teeth. Vitamin A can also be made by the body, as needed, from beta-carotene. Beta-carotene has antioxidant properties.

Dietary Sources
Sources of vitamin A include: liver, fatty fish (such as mackerel), egg yolks, cheese, and milk. Beta-carotene is found in red, orange, and yellow-pigmented plant foods and most dark leafy greens. Good sources include: apricots, cantaloupe, peaches, pumpkins, carrots, asparagus, red peppers, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, yellow squash, green beans, broccoli, spinach and turnip greens.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?
You may be at risk for vitamin A deficiency if you drink alcohol, smoke, are under severe stress, are pregnant or breastfeeding, take birth control pills, or take certain cholesterol-lowering drugs.

Benefits
Vitamin A may help protect against night blindness, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, cancer, and heart disease.

Cautions
Vitamin A can be toxic if taken in large doses over a long period of time and can cause birth defects if taken in excess during pregnancy. Beta-carotene is not toxic, although larger doses can result in a harmless yellow-orange tint to the skin, which will disappear when levels are reduced. People with liver or kidney disease should talk to their doctor before taking vitamin A supplements.

Vitamins and Minerals: How Much Does Your Body Need?

2008-12-16T08:46:00.000-08:00

They line the shelves of every pharmacy and health store, thousands of tiny bottles, claiming everything from improving memory and providing energy to preventing cancer and aging. In fact, chances are you take one or two, maybe a handful, daily. And if you don’t, maybe you should. What are these super pills? You guessed it – vitamin and mineral supplements. The biggest question in nutrition these days isn’t who needs vitamins and minerals, but how much.

In simplest terms, everyone requires vitamins and minerals. They are essential for life, fueling virtually every biochemical reaction in our bodies. It has long been realized that certain groups of people such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, chronic dieters, vegetarians, alcoholics, the elderly, and athletes often have increased nutrient needs and may require supplements. But for the most part, it has been assumed that the average, healthy adult can get all the vitamins and minerals their body needs from a healthy diet. The fact is most of us don’t.

Even if you are one of the few people who manage to eat a varied and healthy diet each and every day, factors such as environmental pollutants in our air and water; food filled with uncountable additives and preservatives; destructive agricultural practices which rob the soil of essential nutrients; food processing, storage and preparation – all reduce the nutrient content of food.

If that isn’t enough, physical and mental stress, illness, certain drugs, and a genetic predisposition towards certain diseases increase our nutrient needs. And taking into consideration the newest research, which suggests that higher doses of certain vitamins may protect against the development of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease, it might be a good time to visit a dietician or talk with your doctor about whether or not you might benefit from supplements.

What Are Vitamins and Minerals?

What Are Vitamins?
Vitamins are organic compounds essential for life that, with the exception of vitamin D, can only be obtained from food or supplements. While vitamin D can be found in dietary sources, the body also synthesizes it when sunlight meets the skin.

Fat-soluble Vitamins
Vitamins can be divided into two broad categories based on whether they dissolve in water or fat. The fat-soluble vitamins include A, E, D, and K. These vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, and therefore, it is not necessary to get a fresh supply every day. However, the fact that they can be stored also means that they can accumulate to toxic levels if taken in excess.

Water-soluble Vitamins
The rest of the vitamins, the family of B-vitamins (including thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid and cobalamin) and vitamin C, dissolve in water. Any excess is harmlessly excreted in your urine, making toxic levels virtually impossible. But note that this also means that you need a fresh supply of these vitamins every day to maintain adequate levels.

Remember that while vitamins help you extract energy from food, they themselves provide no calories and thus no energy.

What Are Minerals?
Minerals are inorganic compounds found in rocks and metals, although we get them from plants grown in mineral-rich soil or animals that have eaten mineral-rich plants. There are at least 10 minerals essential for life and a few others we house in minute levels, although scientists haven’t pinned down an exact role for all of them in the body.

Macrominerals
Minerals are divided into two groups based on how much our bodies need. The major minerals, or macrominerals, are required in comparatively large amounts and include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chloride.

Trace Elements or Microminerals
Minerals required in very small amounts, less than 100mg/day, are called trace elements or microminerals. These include: boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silicon, tin, vanadium, and zinc.

How Much Does Your Body Need?

Recommended Dietary Allowances
So now you know that you need 13 vitamins and some 15+ minerals, but how much does your body need? The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine developed the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) to help you out. These values reflect the amounts of vitamins and minerals you need daily to prevent deficiency diseases and are "safe and adequate" to meet the needs of most healthy people. They are the minimum values you need to prevent overt signs of deficiency diseases and are updated approximately every five years or so to reflect current research. A newer term, Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs), represents an average value recommended for children and adults over the age of four and will replace the complex RDAs. The RDIs and RDAs are basically the same.

Many nutritionists now think that the current values are too low and it is expected that future RDAs will be increased to address the issues of optimum health and disease prevention. In a position statement released by the American Dietetic Association, the criteria for establishing a recommended intake for a nutrient should not "assume that the recommended amounts can be met from dietary sources."

Meeting Your RDAs

According to Melanie Polk, RD, Director of Nutrition Education at the American Institute for Cancer Research, the best way to meet your RDAs is through a careful diet based on the Food Guide Pyramid. "Eating at least five servings of fruits and vegetables each day is essential," she says. Unfortunately, only one in ten people actually consume their recommended five servings.

Nutritionists agree that supplements are not a replacement for a healthy diet, but may be beneficial in addition to a healthy, varied diet. Carolyn Manning, Mag RD, and professor of nutrition and dietetics at the University of Delaware warns that relying too much on supplements can cause people to become irresponsible about their eating habits. Her motto, "Food first!"

There are additional health benefits from getting many of your nutrients from food. A group of recently discovered compounds found in plants called phytochemicals, are thought to protect against certain cancers. A few have been discovered but scientists think that there may be thousands of these compounds. "We don’t know exactly how they work, or if they work as a team with other phytochemicals or nutrients," says Polk, but they can’t be found in a pill.

Both Manning and Polk agree, that some groups require more nutrients than a healthy diet alone can provide.

Weigh Your Options With Juiced Up Smoothies

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Smoothies are everywhere—at the mall, at the gym, even in your local supermarket. But when it comes to picking the right smoothie, dieticians advise, "Buyer beware."

The trend New Orleans bartenders started decades ago with their exotic blends of fruity alcoholic drinks has turned into a $340 million industry fueled by more health-conscious aficionados. Today’s smoothies are non-alcoholic—made up of fruit, dairy and a variety of other ingredients to create healthy smoother-than-milkshakes that double as drinkable meals. Body-builders get a workout boost by downing smoothies with protein powder and amino acids. New moms enjoy extra servings of calcium in yogurt-based smoothies. Cancer patients mix medicines and proteins in their smoothies.

"A smoothie is a really convenient way to get fruit in," says registered dietician Nadine Pazder, who recommends a simple breakfast smoothie recipe for those who might otherwise skip a morning meal. "It’s easy to get some dairy and protein and fruits in there, but there’s a big caution because they are not low calorie."

Because smoothie lovers tend to use the drinks as meal replacements, they often add powdered vitamins, minerals and herbs in an effort to increase the smoothie’s nutritional value. Some smoothie retailers even provide supplement pills for customers to buy a la carte.

When Additives are Not So Smooth

"I would be really cautious about the kind of additives that are being put into a smoothie," Pazder says. "Fruits in themselves have a lot of antioxidant benefits. To add additional vitamins is not necessary, and in some cases, may not even be safe."

Adding vitamins to commercial smoothies does not make up for the natural nutritional imbalance of the liquid meal, agrees registered dietician Carol Koprowski, Ph.D., who coordinates the University of Southern California’s master’s in preventive nutrition program.

Koprowski warns that adding megadoses of vitamins to smoothies, especially those that run through the body quickly, can be harmful, especially if consumers are already taking multivitamin supplements and other fortified foods like cereals and juices. "With high doses of water-soluble vitamins, what you end up with is very expensive urine," Koprowski says. "Evaluate dietary supplements the same way you would medication—just because they are natural, don’t assume they are safe, especially at higher doses."

Pazder adds that it’s important to be sure that any vitamins, minerals or herbs you add to your smoothie don’t interact with any prescription or over-the-counter medications you’re taking. For example, adding ginseng to a smoothie for an energy boost may increase the effect of estrogen for those on hormone therapy, or interact negatively with the heart medicine digoxin. Ginseng can also cause headache and manic episodes for people on MAO inhibitors like Nardil.

There are other dangerous interactions to be aware of: Always check with your doctor or pharmacist before adding to your smoothie.

Benefits to 'Juiced Up' Smoothies

Still, registered dietician Lisa Nicholson boasts the positive side to smoothie additives. Since many vitamins and minerals are better absorbed when taken with a meal, "juiced up" smoothies can be beneficial to those who don’t over-supplement in the rest of their diets. With the wide range of additives available, it’s possible to pick and choose the combination that best fits personal dietary needs.

Common additives and their benefits include:

Wheat germ oil for energy:
Putting wheat germ oil in a smoothie adds protein and unsaturated fatty acids, along with minerals, B-Complex vitamins, Vitamin E and iron.
Vitamin C for enhanced immune function:
This antioxidant vitamin, which can be found in many fortified foods, is important for immune function, but dieticians caution that megadoses are not mega-effective and may even cause harm. Recommended dosages of Vitamin C can help the body absorb calcium, iron and folic acid and promote the formation of collagen.
Yeast for energy and nutrients:
Yeast additives increase smoothies’ protein content, and add B-Complex vitamins and minerals, including iron.
Spirulina for energy and appetite control:
Blue-green algae, a complete protein, are high in chlorophyll (which can freshen your breath), as well as B-Complex vitamins and minerals. It is purported to help stabilize blood sugar levels and thereby help control appetites.
Creatine for energy and muscle building:
This combination of amino acids, popular among body-builders, can increase muscle bulk as well as heighten energy levels. Following creatine dosage guidelines is essential—its abuse can lead to liver and kidney damage.

Nicholson tells smoothie buyers to check ingredients diligently to find out if they are getting real fruit and dairy, not artificial sweeteners and empty preservatives or flavors.

Most important, she says, is that your smoothies are part of a balanced approach to your diet, whether you enhance them with additives or not.

Do You Need Vitamins?

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If you fall into any of these categories, talk with your doctor or a registered dietitian about supplements you may require.

Are you pregnant or breastfeeding?
It is no surprise that your nutrient needs increase during pregnancy as your body nourishes both you and your unborn baby, and again if you breastfeed. It is recommended that all women of childbearing age take a supplement that contains folic acid, preferably months prior to pregnancy and throughout early pregnancy. Adequate folic acid levels have been found to prevent a large percentage of neural tube birth defects. Other vitamin requirements increase as well, and most physicians prescribe a daily multivitamin for the duration of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Do you drink a lot of alcohol?
Excess alcohol intake alters the body’s absorption, metabolism and secretion of a number of vitamins and minerals, most notably the B vitamins. To add insult to injury, most alcoholics have poor diets, replacing many of their calories with alcohol, placing them at further risk for deficiency.

Do you smoke?
Smoking reduces vitamin C levels and increases the production of free radicals, those pesky substances that tear around our bodies, damaging cells. Oxidation reactions caused by free radicals are thought to play a primary role in the development of cancer and heart disease.

Do you diet often?
People on frequent low calorie diets are at risk for nutrient deficiencies. Taking in less than 1200 calories a day makes it difficult to meet your nutrient needs through diet alone. In addition, people who cut certain food groups out of their diet are at risk for nutrient deficiencies and should talk to a dietician about supplements.

Are you a vegetarian?
Vegetarians are at high risk for vitamin B12 deficiency since this nutrient is found only in animal foods such as meat, milk, and eggs. Strict vegetarians may also fail to get adequate levels of calcium, zinc, and iron from their diet.

Are you lactose-intolerant?
If you can’t stomach dairy products, you are at risk for osteoporosis. Vitamin D and calcium supplements are generally recommended.

Do you take certain drugs?
A number of common drugs or medications affect vitamin and mineral needs. For instance, antibiotics, estrogen-containing birth control pills, certain cholesterol-lowering drugs, and regular use of aspirin can interfere or deplete the body of a number of vitamins and minerals.

Are you over age 50?
Elderly people often require supplements because of poor appetite and decreased nutrient absorption with increasing age. In addition, older folks generally take more prescription medications, many of which can interfere with the bodies use or absorption of certain nutrients.

Are you an athlete?
Athletes and people who exercise strenuously often require additional nutrients. The physical stress that training puts on the body increases vitamin and mineral requirements, as does increased excretion of many nutrients through perspiration.

Are you a woman?
Women often need additional calcium and vitamin D to increase bone mass and prevent osteoporosis. This is especially true after menopause when the protective effects of estrogen are lost. Women with very heavy menstrual periods may need extra iron and a multivitamin is sometimes recommended for women who take oral contraceptives because of altered metabolism of some nutrients.

Hand in hand with a healthy diet, supplements can be a safe and effective way in which to meet your body’s nutritional needs and increase your preventive efforts against degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.

The Quest for Aphrodisia: Pheromones

2008-11-17T13:44:00.000-08:00

For the human brain, all roads lead to aphrodisia. We can be sexually stimulated through any of our five senses — thanks to a bit of imagination, memory, and a really big brain. Although mankind continues to ransack the planet for anything that might raise his expectations, the most authentic aphrodisiac is a lot closer than we think.

In the morning of the world, when mortal man first encountered the original aphrodisiac, he got mixed results. Paris, a young prince of Troy, had to choose "The Fairest" of three goddesses. Hera offered him riches and dominion over all men. Athena promised him wisdom and renown as the bravest, most invincible of heroes.

Then the goddess of love and beauty spoke. In a sweet voice, teasing with laughter and understanding, Aphrodite said, "Choose me and I will give you love and the most beautiful woman in the world for your wife."

Without hesitation, Paris chose Aphrodite. True to her word, the enchanting goddess introduced him to the lovely Helen, whom Paris promptly proceeded to abduct from her husband, the King of Sparta, which didn't go down too well with him and his boys. (Did somebody say Trojan War?) The rest is mythstory. . . .

Casualties of Lore
Aphrodite herself had a somewhat violent origin. Known to the Romans as Venus, she was born of the sea, having emerged from the white foam (aphros) produced by the god Uranus's severed genitals. Today, mankind's eternal quest for an aphrodisiac — a food, drink, drug, or scent that can arouse or increase sexual desire — continues to bring its share of violence.

Many innocent creatures have suffered abuse from our insatiable appetite that continues to devour creatures large and small, from seahorse to rhinoceros. Animals aren't the only ones who suffer, though. A legendary aphrodisiac called Spanish fly is made from the dried bodies of blister beetles that contain cantharidine. This irritating chemical causes a rush of blood to the sex organs. Spanish fly is a poison that can lead to genitourinary infections, scarring of the urethra, and even death.

Stimulant vs. Tonic
Herbs can be used to stimulate the genitals, but in the long run it's safer and more effective to use tonics — botanicals that strengthen the sexual system — not ones that stimulate it. "If you take an aphrodisiac that creates the illusion of more energy, then you're ripping yourself off," cautions Felice Dumas, Ph.D., author of Passion Play: Ancient Secrets for a Lifetime of Health and Happiness Through Sensational Sex. "You will have used more of your life force. It's like emptying the cup very quickly to feel more in the short term."

Coffee is an empty stimulant; it doesn't strengthen anything. Alcohol is another example. "Venus drowned in Bacchus" was the proverbial Roman expression for the debilitating effects of alcoholic intoxication. Drinking, said Shakespeare in Macbeth "provokes the desire but takes away the performance."

Size Matters
Unlike other primates, who are sexually active only when females are in estrus, human beings have evolved the capacity to engage in year-round sexual activity. Perhaps our 24/7 sexuality is related to our relatively large brain. (Dolphins, too, have proportionately large brains and have been observed to be very sexual.)

Ultimately, the human brain is the greatest aphrodisiac of all. Like the legendary philosophers' stone that transforms whatever it touches into gold, our brains can imbue most anything with aphrodisiacal qualities.

Men and women have devised and believed in love charms since the beginning. Aphrodite herself possessed an enchanting girdle, called Cestus, which was embroidered with arousing amulets that made its wearer quite irresistible. One can only imagine. . . .

The Touch of Kindness
We get sex on the brain through imagination and memory, as well as through all our sensory portals: eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and of course touch. We are easily turned on by the caress of a lover, or even from casual contact with an attractive stranger. Massage relaxes and sets the mood for love, or arouses in the extreme.

Affectionate touching — especially the breasts, lips, and earlobes — can raise levels of oxytocin, a powerful neurohormone. Dubbed the "cuddling chemical," oxytocin is released during female orgasm and nursing. In men, moderate concentrations of oxytocin facilitate both erection and ejaculation.

Singing Me Softly
Sounds can certainly be an aphrodisiac. (It works for birds.) That special tone of a lover's sweet whisperings, even over the telephone, can stir the loins. For the Greek poet, Homer, Aphrodite was "a lover of laughter." Whether the flirtatious giggling and coy cooing of young maidens or the tender tenor of a Cyrano or a Bocelli — the human voice has arousing possibilities.

Charles Darwin suggested that early human females originally acquired musical powers and used their high voices as musical instruments in order to attract the opposite sex. Love songs are certainly a hallmark of our society. We will never know to what extent our population explosion was coaxed along by the seductive sound of Sinatra or Sade, the romantic resonance of Enya or Iglesias.

Who has not been swayed by the music of the world: caressed by jazz; rolled with rock; lifted by arias; transported by Caribbean rhythms. The primal beat of different drums — from Ravel's "Bolero" to Jagger's "Moonlight Mile" — has lit a fire under many a bedspread.

Another auditory aspect is story-telling and its stimulating effect upon the imagination. The word "romance" originated from the fanciful medieval love tales, often in verse, about a hero and his lady. Later written, they were the beginning of erotic literature (Eros is the son of Aphrodite). In ancient Greece, "pornographos" was one who wrote about prostitutes.

First Sight
Studies show that humans everywhere strongly respond to the same visual signals, such as smooth skin, dilated pupils, and a symmetrical face and body. Young women throughout the world have been observed to flirt in exactly the same manner: first she smiles at her admirer and lifts her eyebrows in a swift, jerky movement. This briefly displays more of her eyes until she turns her head sideways, looks back, and drops her eyelids. (Even King Solomon warned his son not to be "ensnared by her eyelids.")

More than skin deep, beauty is a certificate of health. Men are attracted to youthful fertility suggested by rounded buttocks and breasts, full lips, wide eyes, a heart-shaped face, and a particular figure. Whether Rubenesque or Twiggyesque, men unconsciously prefer women with about a 2 to 3 waist-hip ratio — one that suggests a high reproductive status. Although Miss America's weight has decreased over the past fifty years, her waist to hip ratio has been a consistent 7.2, according to David M. Buss, Ph.D., author of The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating.

For women, power is an aphrodisiac. In a global survey of more than 10,000 people in 37 cultures, Dr. Buss found it universally true that women prefer confident, ambitious, and successful men with money, resources, power, and high social status — men who will invest in them and their children.

Visual stimuli such as tallness and broad shoulders are physical cues indicating the potential of a man to protect and provide. The reproductive success of taller men was recently demonstrated in a study of 3,200 Polish men, aged 25 to 60. Those who had fathered at least one child were on average 1.2 inches taller than the men without children. (Nature, Jan. 13, 2000)

Brain chemicals are also affected by visual stimuli. The sight of an infant's face can increase levels of oxytocin, which helps a mother to bond with her child, or a woman with her lover. The chemical basis of "love at first sight" might be phenylethylamine (PEA), a neurotransmitter that can surge at the sight of an attractive partner, or even in response to a romantic movie.

The Dance of Imagination
Thanks to imagination, the flash of a Victorian ankle was a turn-on. The allure of lingerie is a combination of what you see and what you imagine you will get.

Dance is a universal turn-on. From indigenous tribes to trendy clubs, women shake their booties and men strut their stuff in various versions of the human mating dance, from the Masai leap and the flamenco stomp, to the hula, belly dance, and now the lap dance.

The Shape of Things to Come
Sight plays another role in aphrodisia: the notion that animal organs or plants resembling genitalia may impart sexual powers. For example, because of their shape, the tuberous roots of orchids were used as an aphrodisiac. The plant is even named after the Greek word for testicle (orkhis). More well-known examples include rhinoceros horn, oysters, and ginseng.

Rhinoceros horn contains polypeptides, sugars, phosphorus, calcium, ethanolamine, and free amino acids. If one were seriously malnourished, this could possibly provide a boost, but a good multivitamin would do as well.

Based on their shape, foods such as bananas, carrots, and cucumbers were once considered aphrodisiacs. Perhaps the enzyme bromelain found in bananas and other tropical fruits may influence erectile function due to its positive effect on circulation.

Nineteenth-century French bridegrooms were advised to consume mass quantities of warm asparagus at their prenuptial dinner. In West Africa, the mucilage seeds of the okra pod are considered an aphrodisiac. They are rich in magnesium, iron, zinc, and B vitamins.

Venus on the Half-Shell
Cleopatra's favorite fruit was said to be figs, and the ancient Greeks celebrated the arrival of a new crop of figs by ritual copulation. Other foods that may suggest female genitalia include oysters, clams, and mussels. Many seafoods such as eels, octopus, conch, fugu, sashimi — as well as savory soups like bouillabaisse and chowder — have a reputation as an aphrodisiac, in part because of their association with Aphrodite's emergence from the sea.

In a sense, human beings also emerged from the sea. Recent archeological findings show that early humans thrived along seacoasts and lakeshores where foods high in omega-3 fatty acids were plentiful. The evolution of the large human brain depended on these rich sources of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). (Click here for more information about essential fatty acids and brain structure.)

The omega-3 fatty acids obtained from seafood are also needed by the body to make anti-inflammatory PGE3 prostaglandins, which support proper blood circulation by preventing blood platelets from clumping.

Oysters and Pearls, Boys and Girls
Rich in zinc, selenium, and other minerals, oysters may have gained their reputation at a time when diets were more apt to be deficient. High concentrations of zinc are found in the testes and prostate, and zinc is essential for hormonal activity and reproductive health in both men and women. Zinc is vital to healthy immune and circulatory systems, and is depleted by stress.

Zinc deficiency in children has been linked to a failure of sex organs to properly mature. A deficit of this vital mineral substantially reduces testosterone levels, sperm production, and muscle endurance, as well as decreases the ability to taste and smell.

Raw oysters can be risky due to pollution. Other good sources of zinc include lean meats, fish, eggs, nuts, seeds, peas, lima beans, and wheat germ. Although whole grains contain zinc, they also contain phytates that inhibit the absorption of zinc and other vital minerals. By soaking grains overnight, phytates can be neutralized so the grains, in effect, are predigested and their nutrients more available. These alternatives, however, are no match for fresh fleshy oysters, even if you don't find the pearl.

Seeds of Construction
Eggs and seeds are strong fertility symbols. Chicken eggs are one of the most sexually nutritious foods available. Caviar and a number of plant seeds, especially pumpkin, were considered to be aphrodisiacs. We now know they are rich in vitamin E and fatty acids essential for reproduction. Pumpkin seeds are also high in zinc and selenium.

Then there's the truffle. Ever since the Romans raved about it, this musky mystery has been a perennial favorite in the realm of aphrodisia. A famous French epicurean claimed truffles were "not vegetables, but miracles." Their great rarity, cost, and indescribable aroma adds to their fame.

Ginseng — "the Man Root"
Ginseng's reputation as an aphrodisiac may have originated from its marked similarity to the male body. By far the most widely used herbal tonic, ginseng has been used for millennia because of its invigorating and rejuvenating effects.

Chemical evidence supports the stimulatory influence of ginseng; several steroids, peptides, sugars, and saponins have been isolated from root extracts. Animals treated with ginseng have demonstrated a sexual response, however no successful animal model for assessing aphrodisiacs has been developed that can be applied to humans. Our psychological and socioeconomic factors cannot be replicated.

Just Say NO — Nitric Oxide
A study at the Yale University School of Medicine found a link between Panax ginseng and nitric oxide (NO). Researchers concluded that the aphrodisiac action of the root could be due to enhanced NO synthesis that contributed to ginseng-associated vasodilation in the corpus cavernosum. (Biochem Pharmacol 1997 Jul 1;54.1:1-8) A later animal study showed that crude extracts of Panax ginseng acted as a nitric oxide donor and induced the relaxation of smooth muscle of rabbit penises through the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. (Br J Urol 1998 Nov;82.5:744-8)

The corpus cavernosum is a sponge-like structure that forms the erectile tissue which expands with blood in the penis and in the clitoris. Nitric oxide — not nitrous oxide, the "laughing gas" used by dentists — enables the corpus cavernosum (and the corpus spongiosum in the penis) to relax, fill with blood, and become erect.

For both men and women, healthy sexual arousal depends on a sufficient flow of blood to the genital area. Poor circulation can be a major cause of sexual dysfunction, which is perhaps why many hot foods gained their claim to aphrodisiac fame. Peppers, chilies, curries and other spices can raise heart rate and sometimes cause sweating: physiological effects similar to the physical reactions experienced during sex. Damiana, a Mexican herb, is reputed to stimulate blood flow to the genitals, (but it can interfere with iron absorption).

Arginine, Viagra, and Yohimbe
In the body, the amino acid arginine is the primary source of nitrogen for the production of nitric oxide. In turn, nitric oxide increases levels of a substance called cyclic GMP. A shortage of cyclic GMP interferes with the erectile tissue relaxation response that is necessary before blood can engorge the clitoris and penis. Foods high in arginine include chocolate, carob, and oats.

Viagra works by prolonging the effects of cyclic GMP, allowing the penis to engorge with so much blood that the outflow of blood is blocked. Because Viagra will not work without sexual stimulation, it is not considered an aphrodisiac. It is only promoted as an impotence drug, however Hugh Hefner regards Viagra as a good deal more than that: "It takes the uncertainty out of performance. . . It redefines the boundary between fantasy and reality."

NO may help account for the sexually stimulating effects of yohimbine, an alkaloid found in the bark of the West African yohimbe tree, which natives have long regarded as a tonic to enhance sexual power and virility. Yohimbine has been used in the West as a sexual stimulant for domestic animals and, more recently, to treat impotence in men. A 1999 study with humans found that certain compounds of yohimbine functioned as nitric oxide donors. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999 Jul;290.1:121-8) The FDA considers yohimbine an unsafe herb, due to its potentially dangerous effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Padre, Is That a Rocket in Your Garden?
Arugula, also known as garden rocket, had a good reputation in Europe as an aphrodisiac, except for one 17th-century French monastery where arugula was grown and consumed regularly by the monks. An 1869 book on aphrodisiacs reported they "were so stimulated by its aphrodisiacal virtues that, transgressing alike their monastic walls and vows, they sought relief for their amorous desires in the fond embraces of the women residing in the neighborhood."

Europeans have long appreciated parsley and savory for their aphrodisiac properties. More recently, nettles, oats, and saw palmetto berries have been studied for their ability to maintain levels of free testosterone, which stimulates sexual activity in both men and women. Compounds in these plants seem to inhibit the breakdown of testosterone into di-hydrotestosterone (DHT), a metabolite that causes the prostate gland to enlarge and lose its vitality.

Montezuma's Romance
While many sweet herbs, such as skirret and licorice root, were at one time considered sexual stimulants, chocolate's designation as an aphrodisiac has remained undisputed for centuries. In the early 1500s, the Aztecs introduced the Spanish to the bitter seeds of the cacao tree, which was concocted into a sacred drink associated with Xochiquetzal, the goddess of fertility. (The Spanish reciprocated with small pox, the god of decimation.)

Besides added sugar, chocolate contains significant amounts of caffeine (5-10 mg per ounce), iron, plus an amphetamine-like substance called phenylethylamine (PEA). In the brain, PEA is a neurotransmitter involved in states of arousal and activation. It may be responsible for the excitement and euphoria of falling in love. It's not certain, however, that the PEA in chocolate actually reaches the brain. (The essential amino acid phenylalanine is known to raise PEA levels in the brain, and D-phenylalanine inhibits enzymes that break down endorphins.)

The psychological effect of indulging in chocolate, especially when received from a lover, certainly adds to its aphro-mystique. The power of mind to imbue food with passion is well-illustrated in Like Water for Chocolate, where cooking is used to enchant a lover.

Cornucopia and Coition
Many foods are exotic and sensual in their own right. From peaches and apricots to strawberries and grapes, the texture, color, taste, and aroma of these botanical delights can, in the right circumstances, jump-start amorous intentions. Aphrodite herself was associated with golden apples and red pomegranates.

Around the Mediterranean, pine nuts have a reputation as an aphrodisiac. Nineteen-hundred years ago, the Greek physician Galen recommended drinking a glassful of thick honey, and eat 20 almonds and 100 grains of the pine tree before going to bed. After three nights, a man will acquire "vigour for coition."

Honey Do
The Greeks frequently referred to Aphrodite's beauty as "golden," and golden honey is another classic food for lovers. Cavemen no doubt used sweet honey to win female favors (and vice versa). Since honey was obtainable only seasonally and at great personal risk, its annual collection and sharing may be echoed by our annual Valentine's Day, although rejection is now the primary risk.

The wedding ceremonies of many cultures include honey, and that month of tender pleasures is called the honeymoon — also named because love is as changeable as the moon.

Made from the nectar of flowers, honey is a natural candidate for aphrodisia. Bee pollen is the male sexual grains of seed-bearing plants, and royal jelly nurtures queen bees. The ultimate preservative, honey never spoils. A Haitian text describes honey on bananas as an "exquisite" aphrodisiac.

Aphrodite: A Memoir of the Senses is Isabel Allende's evocative personal odyssey to aphrodisia. In it, she tells how Cleopatra beautified her skin by applying honey and ground almonds, and how her lovers, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, were "fond of licking dessert from the intimate goblet of that seductive queen."

Olfactory Alchemy
Aromas such as pumpkin pie and freshly baked cinnamon buns can be more sexually stimulating than fine perfume, according to research done by neurologist Alan R. Hirsch, M.D., author of Scentsational Sex: the Secret of Using Aroma for Arousal. He reports that the smell of certain foods, especially licorice and doughnuts, actually increased penile blood flow.

Older men experienced the greatest enhancement with vanilla. Those who felt sexually satisfied responded most to strawberry. Lavender was most stimulating for men whose sexual partners wore cologne.

Aphrodite's favorite flower was the rose, and for multitude of Valentines, roses will do the trick. Cleopatra supposedly perfumed the sails of her gilded yacht with the scent of Damascus rose, so the desert winds would announce her arrival.

"A rose is a rose is a rogue," novelist Tom Robbins reminds us in Jitterbug Perfume, his erotic ode to aroma. In his signature style, Robbins salutes the magnificent nose of a legendary perfume formulator: "It functioned as a catalytic laser, oxidizing the passion that slept unaware in a violet, releasing the trade winds bottled up in orange peel; identifying by name and number the butterflies dissolved in chips of sandalwood and marrying them off, one by one, to the wealthy sons of musk."

Reminiscents — Aroma and Memory
The sense of smell is closely connected with the sense of taste, and much of a food's emotional impact is due to its scent. The olfactory pathway is a direct route to the brain's limbic system, the cerebral crossroads of emotion and memory. That's why smell is the most nostalgic of all the senses. One whiff of eucalyptus can transport an octogenarian back to his kindergarten playground faster than you can say "sinful Caesar sipped his snifter, seized his knees and sneezed."

Probably the most renowned aphrodisiacs are essential oils, especially those derived from white, night-blooming flowers that are moth-pollinated, such as jasmine and narcissus.

The Oil of Olé
"Jasmine has the poise of a wild creature, some elusive self-sufficient thing that croons like an organic saxophone in the tropical night." (Robbins again, who also bemoans the modern trend of naming perfumes after "glorified tailors" — in contrast to the epic scents of yesteryear: Tabu, My Sin, Love Potion, and Sorcery.) Cleopatra used jasmine to distract Marc Antony during business meetings.

Essential oils used in aphrodisia start by promoting physical relaxation. Their fragrance can then trigger more subtle sensations of bodily pleasure. Neroli, named after an Italian princess, is distilled from the white blossoms of the evergreen orange tree. Patchouli is obtained from the fermented leaves of a perennial herb that grows in tropical Asia. Ylang-ylang is distilled from the freshly picked yellow flowers of a tree native to Southeast Asia. It's said that when a man is aroused, he releases an aroma similar to sandalwood (extracted from the roots and heartwood of a small Asian evergreen tree).

The Essence of Aphrodisia — Pheromones
Many romantic fragrances are essentially the sexual attractants of flowers that beckon insects to help with pollination. Humans also react to chemicals from animals, especially musk from the East Asian musk deer, castoreum from the scent glands of certain beavers, and civit, a honey-like secretion from the Ethiopian civit cat. No surprise then that we have our own natural scents, and ones that do a much better job at attracting a mate.

Hormones are potent "local" chemicals that travel throughout your body to help regulate metabolism and behavior. "Hormone" means to set in motion, excite, stimulate. You also produce similar "long distance" chemicals called pheromones, which work outside the body and can affect the hormones of others. "Pherein" means to bring, to bear along. Your pheromones literally entice and excite the opposite sex.

Numerous glands in the skin around your armpits and genitals produce these sexual scents, and the tufts of hair that begin sprouting at puberty collect and help broadcast your fragrant chemicals (some so subtle, they're considered odorless). Trapped beneath layers of clothing, however, these potentially erotic scents can become stale and deteriorate.

Fragrant Tokens
In her classic 1992 book, Anatomy of Love: A Natural History of Mating, Marriage, and Why We Stray, Helen Fisher, Ph.D., tells how a woman in Shakespeare's time would hold a peeled apple under her arm until it was ingrained with her scent. She would then offer this "love apple" to her lover to inhale. In parts of Greece and the Balkans today, some men successfully invite women to dance after offering them a handkerchief which had been carried in the armpit.

In Aromantics: Enhancing Romance, Love, and Sex with Nature's Essential Oils, Valerie Ann Worwood reports that men find a woman's odor most alluring during ovulation, when she is most likely to conceive. In response, men produce an odor of their own that has an aphrodisiac effect on women. Also, during ovulation women were found to be a thousand times more sensitive to a testosterone-like chemical.

A poor sense of smell will dull your love life. In tests with mice and monkeys, when the males' noses were plugged, they ignored females in heat. Good nutrition, especially enough zinc, is important to a healthy sense of smell. Sickness exudes an ill wind of its own that some people say they can sense — a good evolutionary adaptation that we probably all have to some degree. Unfortunately, though, the prefrontal cortex in the human brain can override an instinctual response to olfactory input.

Excessive bathing or use of deodorants and perfumes can overwhelm your sexual scents. Napoleon knew this. He asked his sweetheart Josephine to abstain from bathing several days before he returned to her.

Sweat T-Shirt Contest
In her 1998 book, Sex on the Brain: The Biological Differences Between Men and Women, Deborah Blum tells about a revealing Swiss experiment with a group of college students. Each woman was seated alone in a room at the time of ovulation, when her sense of smell was most acute. She then sniffed the T-shirts slept in by different men over the previous weekend. The women rated each shirt for sexiness, pleasantness, and intensity of smell.

What's remarkable was that the sexiness of the shirts correlated with the degree of difference in MHC genes. This is good, because these MHC (major histocompatibility complex) genes code for the disease detectors in the immune system — the more variety, the better. The women had a stinkual attraction to males whose MHC genes were least like their own.

Be the Aphrodisiac
Our natural scents and sensitivity thus play a vital role in identifying and attracting an ideal mate, one with whom we have the best chances of producing a healthy child capable of withstanding the onslaughts of life. And that's the name of the evolutionary game.

Our smell is as unique as our face. While it won't be alluring to everyone, we can count on having real chemistry with the ones we do attract. And the feeling will be mutual.

Not surprisingly, the quest for aphrodisia brings us full circle back to ourselves. This is good news for all Earth's creatures and gives new meaning to the words: "in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make."

Acupuncture And Famous Five Elements

2008-10-06T14:02:00.000-07:00

Acupuncture is a healing technique developed by the Chinese who believed that the mind and the body of a person are one complete unit and a sickness cannot be treated in isolation. In fact, Chinese medicine has based the technique of acupuncture on five basic concepts. These are described briefly below:

1. THE YIN AND YANG

Yin and Yang are two opposites in nature. Both continuously flow in and out of each other and play an important role in the treatment of acupuncture. For instance:

Heat and Cold:
The acupuncturist must learn about the heat and cold in the body of a person. If a person feels too hot then his yang is too strong and he will be subjected to urinary problems, constipation and fever etc. If he feels cold then his yin is too strong, which means he will be subject to diarrhoea, a pale face and pale tongue

Dry and Wet:
When a patient has a dry cough or dry skin or any symptom of dryness in the body then there is too much of yang in the body. When there is too much of sweating, running nose, frequent urination then there is too much of ying. Thus the acupuncturist can understand the basic nature of the disease by categorizing it as predominantly Yang or Yin

It is when yin starts to dominate that yang suffers and vice versa. So it is up to the acupuncturist to bring the yang and the yin to a desirable balance.

2. THE FIVE ELEMENTS
The five elements of fire, wood, earth and water form an essential concept of Acupuncture. It is believed that these five elements make our whole physical and mental system. Any change or imbalance in our body can be related to a change in one of the five elements.

3. THE QI
'Qi' means energy and is the most basic concept over which acupuncture is based. When the flow of energy is disturbed imbalances of various kinds occur, making one prone to diseases. Thus, an acupuncturist first studies the Qi of a person. He studies the path of the energy, its nature, the changes in it and its rhythm and balance before embarking on a course of action.

4. THE 12 MERIDIANS
The 12 Meridians are the pathways of the Qi or energy. Each path is linked to some organ. The organs in acupuncture are not known by their name, location or the basic structure but by their functions. Imbalances in these meridians lead to different ailments and problems. Each meridian is linked to a particular organ that can be treated by treating the different points on that meridian. The liver, heart, spleen, lungs are amongst the 12 meridians.

5. THE POINTS
The Points in acupuncture are those pin points on the 12 meridians which when touched upon or treated, affect the whole meridian thus increasing the Qi and also treating the problem. There are a number of points on each meridian and a good acupuncturist is able to identify the right points that have to be touched so as to cure the disease.

So the next time your acupuncturist talks of the yin and yang or the meridians, don't look foxed! An understanding of these elements will help you grasp the intricacies of this ancient science.

A Brief History of Herbs and Herbalism

2008-10-06T14:01:00.000-07:00

What is an herb? You could agree with the modern definition that states an herb is any part of the plant that is useful for healing, food or dye. However, the horticultural definition, which is the more common definition that was used hundreds of years ago, is the non woody part of a plant such as leaves, fruit and the soft green stems. For thousands of years, herbs have been used as scents, food, flavorings, medicines and disinfectants.

Herbalism is the practice and study of the uses of plants. How far back in our past does herbalism exist? There are sources that suggest the Stone Age. A 60,000-year-old burial site in Iraq contained evidence of eight different medicinal plants. Every continent seems to have their own practice of how to use herbs.

Ayurveda originated in ancient India. It is from the words Ayus meaning 'life' and Veda meaning 'knowledge'. This form of herbalism dates back about 5000 years with a detailed history, which I will cover in a future article. Ayurveda is still practiced today and uses herbs, breathing, meditation and diet for ever all wellness. It is based on rebalancing and maintaining the five elements of the body?earth, water, air, fire and ether.

Chinese herbalism was founded by ancient spiritual leaders roughly 3500 years ago. Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs states, it 'is widely acclaimed as one of the most complete and effective herbal traditions today'. Chinese herbalism is practiced in conjunction with acupuncture, massage, diet an Tai Chi--the art of movement and breathing.

Egyptian medical history was rejected by many cultures because it was thought to be a violation of humanity. This line of thought came from the fact that the Egyptians were the first to perform surgeries and to study the human body. From there study of the human body, they were able to discover and perfect the art of embalming the dead with herbs and spices. Where would we be today if they hadn?t committed such ?horrendous? acts?

Folk medicine seems to remain somewhat a mystery. I believe this is due to having a combination of so many different influences. We can see an assortment of inputs from the Native Americans, Mexican, African, European and Caribbean. Is there any wonder why it may difficult to target a specific origin? However, it does appear that the base of our folk medicine does originate from European Western Herbalism.

Native American Indian medicine continues to be practiced in America today. There are many tribes and the herbal practices of each tribe could be listed, but it does appear that they all agree on most of the uses of herbs.

There are other types of herbalism such as those practiced in Ancient Greece, the Aborigines, as well as the Hawaiians. I hope this brief little history has gotten you interested and ready for more of similar articles relating to the use of herbs and the different types of herbalism.

Controlling Hypertension with Natural Foods

2008-09-09T11:27:00.000-07:00

Hypertension is a medical term given to high blood pressure. High blood pressure is often referred to as the "silent killer" as it usually has no symptoms but can still lead to life threatening situations. However, there are ways to manage this silent killer.

Food is one of the main factors implicated for causing hypertension. Your blood pressure can shoot up or remain normal as a result of what you eat. This means that food can help you in controlling your blood pressure. You take in more salty foods and chances are that your blood pressure will go up. Which other foods can help you control your blood pressure?

Apples: One of the most valuable fruits, an apple is a rich source of vitamins, minerals and pectin. Pectin is the active therapeutic agent present in apple. Apples are considered invaluable in case of hypertension. It has a diuretic effect, which causes increased secretion of urine and brings back the blood pressure to normal. Due to increased urination the sodium chloride levels in the body goes down and this relieves the load on the kidneys to process excessive sodium chloride. At the same time apples being rich in potassium result in a fall in the tissue sodium levels.

Lemon: One of the richest source of vitamin C is lemon. For proper functioning of vitamin C, lemon has an abundance of vitamin P. This vitamin is essential for controlling hemorrhage as well as prevents the formation of fragile capillaries. As a result of this function lemon helps in preventing the adverse effects of high blood pressure. It helps in strengthening the entire circulatory system and at the same time helps in controlling many circulatory diseases.

Garlic: This is regarded as one of the most effective remedies to control blood pressure. Owing to its properties to reduce the spasms of small arteries, garlic helps in lowering the blood pressure. It slows the pulse rate while at the same time modifies the heart rhythm. Garlic also has the property of relieving the symptoms of dizziness, shortness of breath and acidity. One can take about two to three commonly available garlic capsules as an aid to control blood pressure. Studies have shown that due to its dilatory effect, garlic helps in widening the blood vessels, thereby reducing the pressure.

Rice: Whether rice helps in controlling blood pressure or it just prevents it is an controversial issue. Rice in itself is a low fat, low salt and vitamins rich food. It has been seen that communities where rice forms the main food have a lower incidence of hypertension. So it can be said that owing to its properties rice can help in preventing this silent killer.

Levels of sodium restriction
200 to 300 mg (extreme sodium restriction): no salt in cooking
500 to 700 mg (severe sodium restriction): no salt in cooking
1000 to 1500 mg (moderate restriction): no salt in cooking
2000 to 3000 mg (mild restriction): some salt in cooking can be added

Thus it can be said that natural foods are great healers to control hypertension.

Acupuncture: Frequently Asked Questions Answered

2008-09-09T11:26:00.000-07:00

Your first visit to an acupuncturist may be full of apprehension, trepidation and many unanswered questions. You will probably wonder what the acupuncturist is going to do, is the treatment going to be painful, if it is going to bleed, how long the course is going to take and so on. Here are some answers to your frequently asked questions:

What is the practitioner going to ask me?
In your first visit the practitioner is going to ask you to list all the symptoms that you are experiencing. You need to let him know all the physiological and psychological effects. Your family history is going to be inquired. Next is going to be a physical examination.

What is the physical examination like?
The Chinese believe that the tongue and the pulse can signify all sickness. Thus he will examine the tongue, its colour and coating. Next will be the pulse. According to the Chinese, there are six pulse positions on our wrist and each of these positions represent two organs.

How long is the treatment going to take?
Each visit might take anything from 20 minutes to an hour or maybe even more if it is the first visit. The number of visits, however, is dependent on the ailment. If the sickness is chronic then it takes more visits (which could be weekly), and if the symptoms are severe then the visits required could be more frequent but stretched over a shorter period of time.

What if I am undergoing some other treatment too?
Usually it does not matter if you are undergoing some other treatment as acupuncture really does not affect their process. However, you must let the acupuncturist know whatever treatment you are taking.

Is the treatment going to be painful?
The thought of needles does make you apprehensive but the real truth is that the acupuncture needles are so thin that you will not feel any pain. In fact, the moment the needle reaches the right depth you will feel a dull ache or a tingling sensation. This sensation will hardly last a minute or two. So it's an all gain and no pain treatment!

Is it going to bleed?
The acupuncture needles are so thin that the question of blood oozing out does not arise. The needles are only supposed to prick the point and not draw out any blood.

Will I feel relieved immediately?
If you are suffering from something like a headache then you would feel some relief immediately but mostly you just feel a bit drowsy after the treatment. However, the acupuncturist can come to know if there has been some effect by feeling your pulse.

Is acupuncture safe for small children?
It is not really advisable to treat small children with acupuncture not because of the nature of treatment but because you need to be sure that the practitioner is experienced and really good. Children in fact are easy to treat because the sickness would not be chronic.

What if I am pregnant?
Acupuncture is definitely not advisable for pregnant women.

Can acupuncture help me lose weight?
Acupuncture can help you lose weight if excess weight is because of over-eating or a low BMR (basal metabolic rate). If it is due to overeating then acupuncture can help you by lessening the craving to eat. Excess weight due to a low BMR means that the body is not able to utilise all the food that it is receiving and is storing it away. In such a case, acupuncture can help increase your BMR thus help you shed weight!

These questions, though not exhaustive, will definitely help you in understanding this ancient science better.

Acupuncture: The Art of Alternative Healing

2008-09-09T11:24:00.000-07:00

It has been quite some time and you haven't been able to get rid of that nagging backache. It started as a small twitch near the shoulder but has now spread to the lower back. Popping painkillers has had no effect except giving you a stomach ache! Your doc says to cut down on your stress and strain, but he doesn't tell you how? Is there any help?

Yes, there is! There is something better than popping pills day in and day out. It has hardly any side effects compared to those painkillers and it is called - Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese method of treating different physiological and psychological problems.

The Chinese treated patients for different ailments by observing their pulse and their tongue. The whole treatment was undertaken on the basis of these two. They realized that the human body was basically made up of energy or Qi, which flowed through a specific path called the Meridians. Each meridian is connected to some organ in the body. Over each meridian lie specific points that have the ability to increase or decrease the quantity and quality of energy flowing through the meridians. Thus by treating these points, specific ailments are cured.

An often-asked question is: Is Acupuncture effective? Research has proved that acupuncture has provided physical as well as psychological relief to patients. Today, Acupuncture is recognized as a complete science in itself and is extremely popular worldwide as an alternative form of healing.

There are two techniques in acupuncture:

1. Insertion of needles
First the acupuncturist collects the patient's detailed medical as well as family history, gains knowledge of his/her eating habits and lifestyle. Then comes the physical examination. There is a very strong stress on pulse taking. The Chinese have identified six main pulse points: three on each wrist and use two kinds of pressures to gain an in depth knowledge of the cause of ailment. The second most important thing is examining the tongue. The acupuncturist watches out for the colour, shape, area and coating of the tongue. This gives him knowledge of the inner physical condition.

Next the meridians and the points are identified. In the actual treatment tiny needles are inserted at specific points identified on the body. In fact this is what acupuncture means --puncture by the needles. After insertion the needles are stimulated either by twirling them or by passing a mild electric current which results in a mild tingling sensation. The needles are inserted for a length of time that ranges from a few seconds to 30 minutes.

2. Use of Moxa
After going through the preliminary examinations the acupuncturist will embark on the actual treatment. In this a herb called Moxa is used. Small cones of the herb are burnt and then rested on the skin to warm and supply energy to the acupuncture points. This energy is then passed through the meridians to the whole system thus striving to overcome the problem

Treatment time
The treatment takes anything from 20 minutes to 1 hour. The first session might turn out to be a bit long but things soon even out.

Frequency of visit
The frequency of the visit is dependent on the nature of the ailment. In the beginning it might be a couple of times a week and then weekly or maybe even less till none is required.

Acupuncture is known to have treated many ailments such as headaches, stress, insomnia, arthritis and many others and that too successfully. It is safe, without any side effects and leads to an overall feeling of well being.

Reiki and Breathing Exercises

2008-09-08T12:38:00.000-07:00

Did you know that Reiki actually originated many years ago in Tibet? However, it was then rediscovered by the Japanese who developed and propagated it further. Reiki is a very popular practice today because it doesn't involve any side effects or any harmful techniques and chemicals. It is based on the most natural and basic concept of cosmic energy. This is referred to as 'ki' in Japanese, 'chi' in Chinese, 'prana' in Hindi or 'bioenergy' in science. All that Reiki involves is the replenishing of this 'ki' and it's correction.

If you are a beginner to Reiki or want to have an idea before you enroll into a course then this is just the place for you. Here are some simple exercises that will help you stay fresh after a long day and help you eliminate all the stress in your daily life.

STEP 1
You can do this either sitting down or lying down, and practice it anywhere and everywhere be it the office or home.

Close your eyes and concentrate on your breath, how it flows in and out, then in and out again in and out and carry on.

STEP 2
Once you have established this rhythm you will start feeling a bit relaxed but at the same time you will be able to feel a few tension points in you body. Put your hands softly wherever you feel the tension. you will be able to know the points or places automatically, don't strain yourself much.

STEP 3
Once you have placed your hand at a specific spot imagine that your breath is energy. Now you are directing this energy towards your hands. Let it flow through your whole body and collect and expand in your hands. Relax at the same time. You will feel relaxation spreading in that specific part of your body. Next the relaxation will spread in your whole body through that area. Do this for about 5 minutes.

STEP 4
Now take your hands to another spot and repeat the same process. Breathe into your hands and feel the 'ki' flowing through the spot in your whole body. You might find your mind drifting towards past experiences and memories, don't get into them. However just let go of yourself and feel the flow inside your body.

STEP 5
Give the above step 5 minutes and then pick up 2 more places of tension, if you are not feeling any kind of physical strain and continue with the exercise. If you are feeling some strain, go to step 6.

STEP 6

Slowly open your eyes.
Stretch your whole body and breath deep.
Get back to your normal activities.

You will feel a new kind of relaxation pervade your mind and body and feel calmer and rejuvenated after doing this exercise.

Heal Your Mind, Body and Soul with Yoga

2008-09-08T12:37:00.000-07:00

What is yoga?

Yoga is a complete science that originated in India thousands of years ago. It is the world’s oldest system of fitness, encompassing the mind, body and spirit. The word `Yoga’ means "union". It is derived from the Sanskrit word "yujir " meaning "to yoke" or "to join". Yoga is the practical aspect of a philosophy called Vedanta, which is laid out in the Upanishads and maintains that there is one absolute reality that underlies everything in the universe. Among the most important teachings of Yoga are instructions on how to control your body through your mind.

Yoga helps you in keeping your body fit and mind peaceful. In recent years, medical research has begun to pay attention to the effects of Yoga. Studies have shown, for instance, that relaxation in the Corpse Pose or Shavasana effectively relieves high blood pressure and that regular practice of asanas and pranayama can help relieve diverse ailments such as arthritis, arteriosclerosis, chronic fatigue, asthma, varicose veins and heart conditions.

Is yoga a religion?

Yoga is not a religion nor is it a mystic cult. It is a spiritual technique, which has something to offer to everyone, religious and the non-religious, men and women irrespective of age, faith or race factors.

Is yoga effective in modern life?

The pressures of work and home, coping with deadlines, and just the business of daily living has become too stressful today. You’ve probably tried everything under the sun from tranquilizers to pills to even dancing your blues away. But nothing seems to help you. Go for Yoga. It acts like a balm and soothes your mind, body and soul.

Yoga is an effective stress-buster and helps lower your stress levels. Here's how:

It controls stress not only on a physical level, but on a mental and spiritual level too.

Yoga asanas release the physical tension of your body and lubricates it. It keeps your muscles and joints running smoothly, tones all the internal organs and increases circulation, without creating any fatigue.
Pranayama gives vitality by increasing the supply of oxygen to the brain.

Finally, meditation stills the mind and enhances your powers of concentration.

Yoga improves the strength and flexibility of your mind and body, and helps you to relax. It frees you from stress both physically and mentally, often heightening your powers of intuition and creativity. Thus you can leverage this ancient science perfected by Indian sages over the centuries to work for you today.

Reduce Cholesterol with Natural Foods

2008-09-08T12:35:00.000-07:00

Proper diet is the key to good health. An improper diet results in several disease conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Increased cholesterol is the primary cause of heart diseases. The adage "prevention is better than cure" is particularly appropriate for heart diseases as you yourself can prevent the rise in cholesterol levels and hence prevent heart diseases. Cholesterol lowering trials have shown that with a reduction in cholesterol levels the incidence of heart disease can be significantly lowered. The use of natural plant foods can help you lower the cholesterol levels.

Plant foods are rich source of dietary fibre, which have multiple health benefits. Fibre binds the cholesterol and hence helps in keeping it under control. Consumption of whole grain cereals, pulses, vegetables and fruit ensures an adequate fibre intake. Which are the natural foods that help us control cholesterol?

Apple: Why is it that an apple a day keeps the doctor away? Our ancestors believed this even without understanding the disease. But nutritional studies have now shown that this is actually true. Apples are rich in antioxidants. Antioxidants help in preventing the damage to the cells and hence help in preventing chronic diseases. At the same time, apples are very rich in fibre, which has the cholesterol binding property. Thus by eating apples you can keep a check on your cholesterol levels.

Banana: This is one fruit that is rich in almost all vitamins and minerals. At the same time it is a rich source of fibre. Banana, by itself is a zero cholesterol food. On going studies have shown that banana has the potential to lower cholesterol. So continue eating this wonder fruit. It might work wonders for your heart.

Carrots: This has wide protective properties. Scottish studies have shown that a carrot a day for three weeks lowered the cholesterol by 10 to 20 per cent in the study participants. Carrots are rich in fibre pectin, which has cholesterol-lowering properties.

Beans: Rich in fibre and low in cholesterol, beans are an ideal combination for lowering cholesterol. At the same time beans are also rich in lecithin, a nutrient that has cholesterol-lowering properties. A study has shown that consuming a bowl of lentils or kidney beans can lower cholesterol by about 19 per cent.

Garlic: Many studies have shown that a clove of garlic per day can help in lowering cholesterol by about 10 to 15 per cent. Garlic is recognized in Europe as a remedy for heart diseases.

Onion: Like garlic, onion has been shown to have a cholesterol lowering effect. So consuming garlic and onion along with meals may be a better idea to prevent a rise in cholesterol.

Sunflower seeds: These seeds are the most familiar of all edible seeds and contain a substantial amount of linoleic acid that has cholesterol-owering properties. Substituting these seeds for some high fat foods can have a beneficial effect on the health.

Consuming these natural foods can help you fight cholesterol, a deadly enemy of your heart.

Yoga and Meditation: Basics

2008-09-08T12:33:00.000-07:00

Going back to basics. That is what meditation is all about. It is a state of consciousness that allows you to go beyond the limits of normal awareness. When you meditate, you focus the mind on one point and stifle all other thoughts. By stopping the waves of thoughts you understand your true nature and discover the wisdom and tranquillity that lies within you.

Meditation differs from deep sleep or relaxation in that it involves active mental effort rather than total rest. As well as relieving stress and replenishing energy, it can bring you physical, mental and spiritual peace. To achieve inner serenity, you must learn to quieten your mind and focus your mental energy inwards. If you meditate for half an hour daily, your thinking will become clearer and you will be able to face life with greater spiritual strength.

Do I have to adopt some special pose for meditation?

Yes. The ideal positions for meditation are the classic sitting postures, as these keep the prana, or vital energy, within your body. The Lotus, Half Lotus and Easy Pose are all suitable.

The ideal pose

Sit in one of the above mentioned meditation poses. Your head should be held straight and aligned with your back. Keep your spine and neck straight but not tense. Keep your eyes gently closed. Place your hands in a comfortable position. Form a circle with your thumb and index finger. Rest the backs of your wrists on your knees. You can also relax with your hands in your lap, palms upward, one on top of the other, or you may also clasp you hands gently and lay them in your lap as you meditate. Breathe quietly from your abdomen. Maintain a regular rhythm.

Focus all your attention and energy inward. Command your mind to be quiet. Begin by allowing your thoughts to wander, then select a focal point, such as an uplifting image, and concentrate on it. Bring your attention repeatedly back to the object of concentration so that you achieve an unbroken flow of thoughts. Initially, try to spend about half an hour every day in meditation.

Here's what you should remember before you begin meditation:

Set aside a special place for meditation - the atmosphere you build up will help still the mind.
Choose a time when your mind is free of everyday concerns - dawn and dusk are ideal.
Using the same place and time daily conditions the mind to slow down more quickly.
Sit with your back, neck and head in a straight line, facing north or east.
Instruct your mind to remain quiet for the duration of your meditation session.
Regulate your breathing. Start with five minutes - deep breathing, then slow it down.
Establish a rhythmic breathing pattern - inhaling then exhaling for about three seconds.
At first, let your mind wander - it will only grow more restless if you force it to concentrate.
Now bring the mind to rest on the focal point of your choice.
Hold your object of concentration at this focal point throughout your session.

Getting Fitter with Yoga

2008-09-08T12:31:00.000-07:00

Did you know that yoga can actually enhance the benefits of your fitness plan? Yes, yoga is a good supplement to exercise. And if you thought that yoga was meant only for rishis and sadhus, you need to think again. There are several yoga exercises that act as a supplement to the whole process of exercising and preparation. Preparing yourself for exercise and training is equally important as the actual training. Yoga acts as a facilitator and works wonder for your warm-up and cool-down steps.

At the warm-up stage:

Yoga can be used as a means for increasing attention and concentration

It helps warm-up the muscles.

You can simultaneously improve your flexibility, body awareness, and self-control. Although these yoga exercises take only 2-3 minutes, you will find them very useful in reaching a more concentrated state. Through yoga, concentration becomes as much a part of the warm-up routine as your daily stretching. Like physical exercises, practicing concentration becomes a habit when done regularly and systematically.

Between training sessions:

Yoga is an excellent tool for relaxing and regenerating muscles between training sessions
Or when your body needs a short rest. It enables relaxation of the arteries and veins that transport blood to the heart and back which allows for a more effective workout.

These exercises produce calmness and a refreshing physical sensation that stimulates overall recovery.

At the cool down stage:

The process of regeneration is speeded up when yoga is combined with cooling exercises. The battery of yoga asanas speeds up the process of regeneration by applying pull, rotation, pressure, and the force of gravity.

This increases the flexibility, and elasticity of the leg muscles and ligaments.
In addition, yoga complements walking and running. Walking or running offer training benefits for a select group of muscles only. Prolonged practice of these results in a disbalance of muscles creating damage, loss and injuries. Doing Yoga as a supplemental exercise ensures a harmonious development of the body.

In racing, a synchronization of breathing with movement is very important. Yoga offers several exercises that regulate the movement with breathing for optimum effect. These asanas also give benefits such as rehabilitating the lower back, and prevention of pain and injury. Muscle stretching, increased flexibility and stamina are some other benefits you can get by practicing yoga.

Thus combining yoga with your exercise plan will go a long way in keeping both your mind and body fit and fine.

The Begining of a Yoga Session

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To ensure that maximum benefit is obtained from yoga, rest in the Corpse Pose for at least five minutes before proceeding with a session. In between asanas it is essential that you relax, breathing deeply, so that the Corpse Pose is also held for a short time between poses, until you regain normal breath and heartbeat rate. After relaxing in the Corpse Pose, sit in the Easy Pose, Sukhasana, for pranayama and the neck, shoulder and eye exercises.

Sukhasana (The Easy Pose): It is a simple cross-legged position, often adopted naturally when sitting on the floor. In yoga, it is one of the basic positions used during meditation, breathing, and warm-ups. Sitting on the floor, bend your knees and clasping your arms around them, press them to your chest to make the spine erect. Now, release your arms and cross your legs, letting your knees drop down toward the floor, keeping your head and body straight. Sit upright and keep your spine straight so that it gives your body firm support. Place your hands so that they rest on your knees.

This asana is one of the classic meditative poses that help to straighten the spine, slow the metabolism and still the mind. If you find that holding the pose is uncomfortable, place a folded blanket under the back of your buttocks. In order to stretch the leg muscles evenly, be sure to alternate which leg you place on top in the posture. When you are ready, substitute the Half Lotus or Lotus at this point.

Neck and Shoulders Exercises: Practise each set of neck rolls 3 times, returning your head to the centre between exercises. Sit in the Easy Pose. In the first exercise, bend your neck forward slowly, hold for a few moments, then bend it back. In the second, tilt your head right, hold, then tilt it left. In the third, look over your right shoulder, hold, then look over your left. Finally, rotate your head thrice clockwise and anticlockwise. Now, raise your right shoulder, then drop it down. Repeat with the left. Lastly, raise both shoulders at once, then drop them down again.

Repeating these exercises eases tension, increases flexibility and tones your muscles. Do them slowly and keep your spine straight, your neck relaxed and your shoulders facing forward,

Eye Exercises: Move only your eyes in these exercises, taking care to relax them in between.

To begin, look up and then look down.

Open your eyes wide. Look from right to left, then from left to right, and finish by looking diagonally.

Move your eyes in circles. Start slowly, and increase speed. Do this movement five times in each direction.

To end, always "palm" your eyes. Close your eyes. Rub your palms together vigorously until they feel warm. Now cup them over your closed eyes, without pressing, for 30 seconds. The heat and darkness soothe and relax your eyes.
These exercises will strengthen your eye muscles, and help to prevent eyestrain and improve eyesight. Breathe normally while you are practising them.

Simhasana (The Lion Pose): Sit on your heels. Place your hands palms down on your knees, fingers splayed, and inhale through your nose. Now lean slightly forward and exhale forcefully through your mouth, making an "aaah" sound. At the same time, stretch your tongue out and down, stretch out your fingers and look up. Hold the pose for as long as you can, then close your mouth and inhale through the nose.

In Simhasana, circulation to the tongue and throat is increased, the voice is improved, and the face and throat muscles are made stronger. The asana also stimulates the eyes. Repeat four to six times.

The Four Forms of Yoga

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There are four main paths of Yoga - Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga and Raja Yoga. Each of them is suited to a different temperament or approach to life. Each of them is briefly described below:

Karma Yoga or the Yoga of action is the path chosen primarily by those of an outgoing nature. It purifies the heart by teaching you to act selflessly, without thinking of the reward. By detaching yourself from the fruits of your actions and offering them to God, you learn to sublimate the ego. To achieve this, it is helpful to keep your mind focused by repeating a mantra while engaged in any activity.

Bhakti Yoga is the path of devotion, which appeases those who have an emotional nature. The Bhakti yogi is motivated chiefly by the power of love and sees God as the embodiment of love. Through prayer, worship and ritual he surrenders himself to God, channellising and transmuting his emotions into unconditional love or devotion. Chanting or singing the praises of God form a substantial part of Bhakti Yoga.

Jnana Yoga is the Yoga of knowledge or wisdom. It is the most difficult path, requiring tremendous strength of will and intellect. Taking the philosophy of Vedanta, the Jnana yogi uses his mind to inquire into its own nature. Jnana Yoga leads the devotee to experience his unity with God directly by breaking the the veil of ignorance. Before practising Jnana Yoga, the aspirant needs to have integrated the lessons of the other yogic paths -- for without selflessness and love of God, strength of body and mind, the search for self-realisation can become mere idle speculation.

Raja Yoga is the science of physical and mental control. Often called the royal road it offers a comprehensive method for controlling the waves of thought by turning our mental and physical energy into spiritual energy.

The Eight Limbs of Raja Yoga
Out of all the four forms, it is Raja Yoga that is practical to implement in modern life. It consists of eight limbs that are a progressive series of steps or disciplines which purify the body and mind, ultimately leading the yogi to enlightenment. These eight limbs or disciplines are:

Yama: (Abstinences) Moral conduct, truthfulness, non-covetuousness.

Niyama: (Observances) of cleanliness contentment, self-discipline, study and self-surrender to God.

Asana: Right Postures.
Pranayama: (Breath control) Control of pran by regulating breathing processes of inspiration, expiration and retention of breath.

Dharna: (Concentration) Fixing the mind on one object at a place or point.

Pratyahar (Sense withdrawal) Turning the senses inward and withdrawing them from external objects.

Dhyana: (Contemplation) or meditation. Keeping the mind fixed exclusively on one object or idea for sometime without any interruption.

Samadhi: (Self-realisation) Super-conscious experience in trances where enlightenment or Union with self takes place. The first five steps are referred to as 'Bahiranga' (external) and the remaining three as 'Antaranga ' (internal). These eight steps of Raja Yoga will transform your being into a higher state where you will have absolute control over your mind and body.

Say Yes to a Swedish Massage

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If you thought that a Swedish massage was something peculiar to Sweden then you were mistaken! It is known as Swedish massage not because it is a Swedish way of massaging but because a Swedish named Per Heinrik Link developed it.

What is a Swedish Massage?
A Swedish massage is a form of bodywork that makes use of specific movements and strokes on the body tissues and muscles in order to loosen the muscles. Here the rubbing is in the same direction as the flow of blood returning to the heart. Thus the primary aim of it is to soothe the tensed muscles and increase the flow of blood.

The Origin
This technique emerged in the late 18th century by Per Heinrik Link. He suffered from rheumatoid arthritis and travelled all over Europe seeking a cure. Ultimately he landed up in China where he learned the eastern techniques. He thus merged and combined the eastern practices with the western thoughts, specifically the gymnastic rehabilitative exercises to form this extraordinary massage.

It's techniques
Swedish massage strives to relax the tensed muscles by rubbing the deeper muscles and bones. Care has to be taken that rubbing is in the same direction as the return of blood to the heart. There are different kinds of strokes used that include:

1. Effleurage
This is generally given at the start of the session. It means "touching lightly" and the palms of both the hands usually give the strokes. However many a times the thumb, fingers and knuckles too are used. The stroke is given in the same direction as the return of blood to the heart. This stroke aims to relax the soft tissues, muscles, ligaments and tendons. It also helps the therapist know your body better so that he knows how to give the treatment.

2. Petrissage
This means "kneading" and in this stroke the muscles are kneaded, squeezed and rolled with the help of the hands, thumbs and fingers. This stroke aims at the deeper veins in the body and strives to increase the blood circulation in them so that the cells are rejuvenated.

3. Friction
Also called "rubbing", this is the strongest of all strokes. In it the pads of the thumbs and the fingers are used to stimulate the layers of tissue and rub them against one another. This stroke aims at increasing the blood flow and circulation so that the muscle fibers are realigned and get some nutrition. Thus this stroke breaks down the tissues that are scared and puts life back in the dead ones.

4. Tapotement
Tapotement means "tapping". The masseur cups his hands, fingers or the edge of the hand and pounds the body. Thus short, gentle but firm blows are given to the body. The main aim of this is to stimulate the circulation but when given for more than 10 seconds they assist in relaxing the body too.

5. Vibration
This involves "shaking" the body. The practitioner puts his hands on the body to shake them vigorously up and down. Vibration aims at stimulating the circulation and if done for a longer period at relaxing the body.

Benefits of a Swedish Massage

Though the primary aim of this massage is to relax the body, there are many other benefits too:

Improves the blood circulation in the body
Helps remove metabolic waste products
Helps get over muscle aches and pains
Stimulates the skin
Helps in getting over stress and fatigue
Improves the joint mobility
Improves the immune system
Helps fight insomnia
Leads to a feeling of general wellness.

Now that you know the benefits of this massage, just go for it.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Ukrainian Aphrodisiacs

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The traditional Ukrainian folk medicine does not contain that many recipes for aphrodisiacs or 'privorotnoye zelje' (best translated as "love potion"). Ukrainian men are supposed to possess great natural sexual powers and Ukrainian women are, in the same way, supposed always to be interested and willing.

Thus, the major purpose of the Ukrainian love potions is not to increase the sexual capacity but to direct the desires towards a particular individual. Largely, the love potions ar used by women who want to attract the attention of specific members of the opposite sex. Another purpose of the love potions could be to increase fertility. Furthermore, there is a small group of recipes aimed at curing impotency and mainly intended for older people.

Hemp seeds

Hemp, in Latin Cannabis sativa, is a plant that is very popular in Ukraine and has many medical applications. As an aphrodisiac, the most powerful preparation according to popular believes are the roasted and salted hemp seeds. However, they should only be used by men. Earlier, it was customary to feed the bridegroom roasted hemp seeds during the wedding dinner. The seeds could be served as a part of a special wedding bread or as an ingredient of a wedding night drink.

Periwinkle

An oil prepared from the flowers of Vinca major is believed to increase the sexual capacity of man. It can either be consumed or applied externally.

A more traditional periwinkle recipe to increase sexual desire (to be used by men only!) is as follows:

Cover 20 grammes of the fresh, blossoming plant with 250 ml of vodka or whisky and let the mixture simmer, covered, for at least 0.5 hour. Take 8 drops of the filtered potion twice a day for four days, then make a two-day-break after which you can continue taking the potion for another four days.

Golden root

The roots of Rhodiola rosea L. have been known as a powerful stimulant for centuries and were a favoured ingredient in many folk love potions. The legendary Ukrainian prince Danila Galitsky (XIII century) who had a considerable reputation for remarkable amorous feats used to say that he took strength from the 'golden root of Karpaty' (it grows in the Karpatian mountains). The major use of the golden root is in the form of an alcoholic drink called "nastojka". Fresh roots are mixed with 40% alcohol (e.g. vodka) and are kept in dark place for at least one week (if you are not in a hurry it is better to let the extraction continue for a few weeks). Use equal parts (by weight) of roots and alcohol solution.

A teaspoon of the resulting "nastojka" after breakfast, lunch and dinner for 2-3 weeks will produce remarkable effects both in men and women.

Golden root has recently been approved as an official Ukrainian medicinal drug. Its use and applications are similar to those of ginseng. One of Mrs. Zubar's acquaintances reported that he once drank a bottle of golden root 'nastojka' (150 gr.) and 'had wonderful sex all night long'. But three days later he had strong headaches and 'no desire at all'.

Ruta

Ruta, in Latin Ruta graveolens L., is the most popular 'female' aphrodisiac. There are numerous folk rhymes and songs about its ability to charm men. A must of love potions. Women drank a decoction of ruta, "ruta-nastojka" to become loved and wanted.

According to a folk legend witches used to bring teenage boys to fields where the ruta was blossoming. The strong scent made the boys became 'possesed by witch desires', whereupon they lost their virginity.

Even today experienced women meet their lovers near blossoming ruta fields because of the effect of the scent. "I have ruta in my garden and I experienced its effect myself" says Mrs. Zubar.

Carrot and Celery

There is an old Ukrainian belief that carrot will increase the sexual capacity of a man. There is old Ukrainian saying: 'If your husband is old and weak you must have him to drink juice from two big carrots and one celery'. Celery is a very popular folk aphrodisiac in Poland and the Czech Republic, possibly due to the "doctrine of similarities".

"Lubistok"

Levisticum officinale, in Ukranian "lubistok" was and is still believed to be useful for attracting lovers. It is used in a similar way all over Europe, however in Ukraine dried as well as fresh roots instead of the leaves. A bath containing leaves is recommended as relaxing treatment of when being tense and nervous.

A decoction or "nastojka" made from the root is still used to cure impotency and increase the sexual power, however only for men. "I cannot vote for it," says Mrs. Zubar, "but a herbalist I know personally makes special portion based on Lubistok root extract and claims it cures impotency. I only know for sure it sells well."

Modern beliefs

In an opinion-poll made among the readers of the magazine "Kopilka" the most popular aphrodisiac turned out to be a mixture of sour cream and beer (1:1). The idea that this mixture stimulates sexual activity first appeared in the mid 1970s and still lives on.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Spices as Aphrodisiacs

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Spices have not only been used to hide signs of putrefaction in food but also to make dishes delicious and mouth-watering. The way to a man's heart goes through his stomach, but perhaps even more through his taste buds, and what better way is there to affect the taste buds than the use of spices?

The following is an incomplete collection of spices, which have been attributed aphrodisiacal properties; many more remain to be added. When you try them out, it is important that they be used in combination with food that would be delicious and appetising even whithout the spices in order to achieve maximal effect.

If external use is suggested (as in some of the recipes from "The Perfumed Garden"), stay away from the most sensitive mucous membranes!

Asafoetida

Asafoetida is a preparation made out of the plant Ferula foetida (Umbelliferae), also known as devil's dung, ferula or under it's Hindi name hing, which can be found in Indian groceries. It occurs both as a light brown resin and as a powder. Besides being an aphrodisiac it is also used as a laxative and a colic cure, although the main use is as a spice in cooking. The taste is peculiar: either you love it or you hate it.

Cardamom

Powdered cardamom seeds, boiled with milk, forms an excellent remedy against impotence and premature ejaculation when taken together with honey in the evening. (At least according to traditional Indian herbal medicine. But be careful: excessive use might lead to impotency according to the same sources.)

Cloves

Cloves are the dried flower buds of Jambosa caryophyllus, also called Eugenia caryophyllata and Caryophyllus aromaticus. They were early considered as an aphrodisiac in Asia; in China since the 3rd century B.C.. Even in Europe they quickly aquired some fame. The Danish medieval herbalist H. Harpenstreng realised the value of cloves, stating that they "makes the man desire the woman", and that they promote digestion.

The Swedish herbalist Anders Månsson Rydaholm wrote in 1642 in "En myckit nyttigh Örta-Book" that:

if a man loses his ability, he should stay sober and drink milk spiced with 5 grammes of cloves. This will fortify him and make him desire his wife.

The main constituent of cloves and oil of cloves is eugenol, but small quantities of furfural, vanillin and methyl amyl ketone are also present. Eugenol is a high-boiling liquid with a spicy, pungent odor and taste. It was earlier used as a dental analgesic.

Garlic

Garlic, Allium sativum, belongs to the same genus as another reliable (?) aphrodisiac, onion. Its use as a staple food already during Pharaonic time is mentioned in the Bible (Numeri, chapter 11). Hippocrates suggests garlic as a remedy for a variety of illnesses, including fevers, flu and intestinal parasites.

Its use as an aphrodisiac is (or was) widespred, not only among Egyptians, but also among Greeks, Romans, Chinese and Japanese (Ainu). It has persisted. The Swedish pharmaceutical chemist Matts Bergmark quotes (in "Vallört och vitlök" (1961)) the East German pharmaceutical journal Die Pharmazie, saying that garlic is especially well suited for men and women of climacteric age because it contains (unspecified) compounds related to sex hormones.

In some cases garlic is used externally. David Berman, a professor of the USC Medical School, suggests a few cloves of garlic be crushed and mixed with lard, the mixture then to be rubbed on to an unwilling male member.

The main constituents of garlic (besides nutritive chemicals) are the amino acid alliin and the related allicin (CH2=CH-CH2-SO-CH2-CH=CH2). It is allicin which causes the "true" garlic odour. The smell which occurs later after garlic consumption (possibly a truly anti-aphrodisiacal smell?) is caused by bis-allyl-disulfide, a metabolic product of allicin. No aphrodisiacal properties have (yet) been demonstrated for allicin, but the compound is a good antibiotic.

Possibly, most of the aphrodisiacal effect of garlic is associated with the fact that it makes food more appetising, stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, increases the appetite and, generally contributes to a feeling of well-being. Long live garlic!

Ginger

Through the entire Asia, from China to Turkey, ginger has a solid reputation of being a powerful aphrodisiac, known already to Pliny and Avicena.

"The Perfumed Garden" strongly favours the use of ginger externally as well as internally. One recipe calls for a mixture of ginger, ointment of lilac and pyrethrum (the plant Anthemis pyrethrum, not the insecticide obtained from Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium) to be pounded and then used for rubbing the abdomen, the scrotum and the anus.

An alternative is to masticate a mixture of ginger, cinnamon, pyrethrum and cubebs just before coitus, then moisten the penis with saliva before entering.

From that moment she will have such an affection for you that she can scarcely be a moment without you.

Indian literature recommends a mixture of ginger juice, honey and half-boiled eggs, taken at night for a month, as a remedy against impotence.

Ginger consists of the dried rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae). The active compounds are called gingerols, the most important being [6]-gingerol, 5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone.

Nutmeg

Nutmeg, also known as myristica or nux moschata, is the ripe seed of Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae), a tree native to Southern Asia and Moluccas. The seed is deprived of its seed coat (see photo to the right) before drying.

Nutmeg is supposed to be a "legal hallucinogenic", and has been used for this purpose, e.g. in jails. However, the side effects of the high doses required can be severe and completely overshadow the desired effects.

It is alleged to have a subtle aphrodisiac effect in far smaller doses (less than half a nut should suffice), and has been used as such by Hindus, Arabs, Greeks and Romans. In the Orient it was especially highly priced among women.

According to the Indian herbalist H. K. Bakhru, nutmeg mixed with honey and a half-boiled egg will prolong the duration of the sexual act if taken an hour before intercourse.

The compound allegedly responsible for the hallucinogenic and possibly also the alleged aphrodisiacal effects of nutmeg is myristicin, 4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodixole. It has some structural similarity with mescaline, the hallucinogen from peyote cactus. Myristicin also occurs in parsley and carrot (mainly in the seeds), although at far lower concentrations.

Pepper

The aphrodisiacal qualities of pepper are not quite clear. The name pepper was long used as a collective name for all spices imported to Europe (in contrast to the herbal spices cultivated in Europe). Thus, older references to pepper as an aphrodisiac could actually concern a different spice.

Pepper is nowadays a collective name for various forms of the fruit of Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). Black pepper are the dried, unripe fruits, and white pepper the dried, ripe fruits. If the fruits are preserved in a salt brine, milder forms are obtained: green pepper from the ripe fruit and rose pepper from the unripe fruit.

The reputation of pepper being an aphrodisiac goes back to Antiquity, when it was used by Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. The Arabs not only added pepper to food, but used it other ways. According to "The Perfumed Garden", you should:

Masticate a little pepper or cardamom-grains of the large species; put a certain quantity of it upon the head of your member and then go to work. This will produce for you, as well as for the woman, a matchless enjoyment.

A way to increase the size of the penis is, according to the same source, to prepare a powder out of pepper, lavender, galanga and musk, mix it with honey and preserved ginger, and rub the penis vigourously with it.

[The penis] will then grow large and brawny, and afford the woman a marvellous feeling of voluptuousness.

Indian sources recommend a daily consumption of a glass of milk with six crushed black peppers and four crushed almonds. This will act as a nerve tonic and as an aphrodisiac.

The pungent principles of pepper are first and foremost the stereoisomeric pair of chemicals piperine (E,E form) and chavicine (Z,Z form). It is believed that the loss of pungency of ground pepper upon storage is due to the isomerisation of chavicine into piperine. Other pungent substances, present in pepper, are piperettine and the somewhat volatile piperidine (which can also be formed by alkaline treatment of piperine. Thus, do not use pepper on lutefish, the most alkaline dish known.

Saffron

saffron.jpg - 9.0 K Saffron are the stigmas of Crocus sativus (Iridaceae) and one of the most expensive spices. It can reputedly make erogenous zones even more sensitive and also have a hormone-like effect. It is not known which of the constituents that are responsible for saffron's reputation as an aphrodisiac. However, the orange colour is due to crocin, a di-gentiobiose ester of crocetin, a carotenoid compound. Both crocin and crocetin have been shown to play a very important role in the sex processes of algae of the Chlamydomonas group. (No, they have nothing to do with Clamydia!)

The bitter principle is picrocrocin, which, according to Merck's Index, "exerts sex-determinig influences"!

Saffron is a key ingredient in many erotic dishes, e.g. in our pine nut soup, Amorous pesto and in our love snails.

Salt

Salt, sodium chloride, can be regarded as the most basic spice. In the Indian Ayurvedic medicine, rock salt obtained from the salt mines of Sindh was considered to be an aphrodisiac and a heart tonic.

Vanilla

Vanilla is the cured, full-grown, unripe fruit of an orchid, Vanilla planifolia. Already the name hints at amorous properties. It derives from the Spanish word vainila, a diminutive of vaina meaning vagina (or pod) It was used already by the aztecs to flavour chocolate (which they got from the seeds of Theobroma cacao (Sterculiaceae), a tree native to the area around the Gulf of Mexico and northern Sout America.

It is a well-known powerful aphrodisiac, as stated, e.g. by N.J. Berlin in a commentary to the Swedish pharmacopoedia (1849), acting through its odour as much as through its taste. It is important to use the natural product. Synthetic vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde) is far cheaper, but less effective, especially now when it is synthesised from the waste (lignin) of the wood pulp industry.

Vanilla essence (extracted from the real vanilla) can be added to your bath to produce a mild love-arousing effect, especially when you and your partner take the bath together.

Herbal spices
Numerous herbal spices have been used as aphrodisiacs. More information on mint, rosemary, salvia and thyme will be added shortly.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Spanish Fly and Cantharidin

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The Spanish fly is the emerald-green blister beetle, in Latin Cantharis vesicatoria or Lytta vesicatoria which is found in the southern parts of Europe. The body is usually 15-22 mm long and 5-8 mm wide with a strong smell and a burning taste. The dried and crushed body of the beetle was earlier used medically as a irritant and diuretic, but was also regarded as a potent aphrodisiac, especially for elderly gentlemen.

The earliest descriptions of its use as a medicine dates back to antiquity. The drug is mentioned by, e.g. Hippocrates, Celsus and Pliny. The Roman empress Livia (58 B.C. - A.D. 29) purportedly slipped it into the food of other members of the imperial family to stimulate them into committing sexual indiscretions that could later be used against them. (Livia was originally the wife of Tiberius Claudius Nero but was given by him to Octavianus, later known as Emperor Augustus, as a part of a reconciliation agreement.)

During the medieval age, however, Spanish fly was almost forgotten.

Even today, the legend of Spanish fly as a powerful aphrodisiac persists. Urban folklore sometimes gives it a prominent role.

The Latin name of the beetle derives from the Greek word lytta, meaning rage, and the Latin word vesica, meaning blister. This points to the main effects of poisonous doses: internally mental illness and externally a vesicant action.

The beetle, which thrives on plants of the families Oleaceae and Caprifoliaceae, contains 0.5-1 % of the active ingredient cantharidin. This chemical is sparingly soluble in water and most polar organic solvents but dissolves in oils.

A beautiful synthesis has been described by W.G. Dauben in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 6893 (1980).

An African Variety

In Zimbabwe, traditional healers sell "vuka-vuka" ("vuka" means "wake up!"), which consists of dried beetles of the genus Myalabris. As in the blister beetle, the active component is cantharidin. The strongest variety offered in Harare's Mbare market is called "Squirrel's jump", possibly because squirrels are believed to be very romantic animals.

Toxicity

It must be handled with extreme care. It is highly toxic by ingestion, but can also be taken up through skin and mucous membranes. The poisoning is called cantharidism and can consist of severe gastrointestinal disturbances and nephritis. Collapse occurs in severe cases and death might follow. For references, please consult the literature list.

A consumption of 1.6 grammes of pulverized beetles led to death after 26 hours. Ten milligrammes of pure cantharidin resulted in a fatality, whereas a poisoning by 1.3 milligrammes did not.

Cantharidin is excreted by the kidney and will, during excretion, irritate the entire urinary tract. The irritation of the urethra will increase the blood flow to this region and might result in priapism. It is likely that the priapism is the origin of the use of Spanish fly as an aphrodisiac.

In 1772 the infamous Marquis de Sade doctored some aniseed sweets with Spanish fly and offered this to some prostitutes who took part in a flogging orgy. However, there was no aphrodisiac effect but, instead, the girls became very ill, so ill that the Marquis was brought to trial for poisoning.

A more sensible use for catharidin is for the removal of digital warts. For this purpose a 0.7 % solution in equal parts of acetone and collodion can be applied.

Priapism

is a persistent abnormal erection of the penis. It is usually a quite painful condition, not associated with any sexual desire. The name is derived from Priapus, the Greek god of male procreative power.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Pheromones, Scents as Aphrodisiacs

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Small, volatile organic molecules are of extreme importance among many animals for the transmission of information on sexual availability to members of the opposite sex. Such molecules are called pheromones, after a Greek word meaning "to transfer excitement".

Pheromones among animals

Female butterflies of the genus Bombyx release a chemical called bombycol. As little as 100 molecules is sufficient to evoke a sexual response from a Bombyx male. This could be compared with the one million molecules of botulinual toxin A (the most toxic substance known) required to kill a mouse.

Some flowers fool insects by using pheromones. The orchid Ophrys insectifera releases a mixture of chemicals which attracts male hymenopteras (insects) of the genus Argogorytes. Because of the odour the males believe the orchid flowers are females of their own species, and they try to copulate. Naturally, they are unsuccessful, but pollen grains of the orchid attach to them. The next time they try to copulate with an orchid flower, the pollen grains are transferred and they succeed in pollinating the flower even if not in impregnating a female of their own species.

Elephant pheromones

Even large animals can make use of pheromones. Two researchers from the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science in Portland, Oregon, USA, (as reported in Nature, 22 Feb. 1996) used 4000 litres of elephant urine, looking for a substance released by female elephants just before ovulation. Apparently, this substance lets bull elephants know that the time is right for romance. Surprisingly, it turns out that this elephant pheromone, cis-7-dodecenyl acetate is the same compound used by some insects.

Pheromones among humans?

The human body secrets several compounds with strong smells, as well as compounds which can be transformed by bacteria into chemicals with a strong odor. Volatile aliphatic acids occur in the normal vaginal secretions of many primates, including humans. Their strong odors (e.g., butyric acid with its smell of rancid butter) have been shown to stimulate male monkeys to increased sexual activity.

Many steroidal hormones and related chemicals have a noticeable odor, including chemicals called androstenones. In one experiment, some seats in a theater were sprayed with one androstenone. Women among the audience showed a statistically significant preference for these sprayed seats.

In another trial, subjects had to choose the most attractive women from a collection of photographs. It turned out that when a subject could smell an androstenone at the same time as he or she regarded a certain photo, it increased the probability that the lady on the photo would be selected.

Humans have glands at the base of the hair follicles, especially in the armpits and in the genital region, which produce yet unidentified chemicals, the odors of which might affect members of the opposite sex. The chemicals are spread over the hair surface and then very efficiently dissipated.

One interesting phenomena in this context is the "women's dormitory syndrome", a condition in which women living closely together after a while begin to synchronize their menstrual cycles. This has been attributed to the effect of a pheromone present in the underarm sweat of women.

The great commercial interests in human pheromones make it virtually impossible to obtain reliable information on this subject. Already two compounds isolated from female and male sweat respectively are being marketed as perfumes with real activity as sexual pheromones. The price tags are, however, almost prohibitive and their effects unproven.

An old American custom, quoted in "The Scent of Eros", was for the man to keep a handkerchief in his armpit while dancing. After the dance he would present it to his partner. Supposedly the anticipated effect was that of an aphrodisiac. Maybe the arrival of easily available soap has changed the perception of human pheromones?

Scents and perfumes

Man has probably always used various odorous preparations to increase his or her attractiveness to the opposite sex. Is it possible that this actually is an attempt to mimic "human pheromones" or is it just to create an atmosphere of positive associations? One of the most popular perfume smells, that of musk, has been shown to resemble closely the smell of testosterone, the male sex hormone.

The Romans used perfumes lavishly, including perfumes based on civet and ambergris. The former is derived from the secretion of the civet-cat, and the latter from the sperm whale. Ambergris is more a carrier of scents than a perfume of its own. It has been used to restore vital powers to those exhausted for various reasons.

Other smells

Even the smell of food can act as an aphrodisiac. Chicago neurologist Alan Hirsch rated male response to various smells by measuring changes in penile blood flow and found that food outperformed perfumes. The food highest on the rating list included cinnamon buns, roast meat and cheese pizza (but also, and less surprisingly so, chocolate, vanilla, strawberry and peppermint). In some cases the average increase of penile blood flow was 40 %!

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Oysters as Aphrodisiacs

2008-08-30T08:25:00.000-07:00

Already during the time of the Roman Empire oysters enjoyed a randy reputation, which only increased over the ages. During the "Golden Century" in the Netherlands (the 17th century) oysters were the symbol, the very incarnation of an aphrodisiac.

Is this reputation based on physiological facts? Well, oysters are low in fat and high in minerals, and thus a quite healthy food. Phosphorus, iodine and zinc can do a lot of good, especially zinc, which is said to increase both sperm and testosterone production as well as the secretion of a vaginal lubricant.

On the other hand... According to Norman Lewis in his book "Aphrodisiacs I Have Known", a group of male pearl-divers on the island of Kamaran (off the Arabian coast) get most of their nourishment from oysters -- and have very low sex drives.

However, Casanova is said to have been a firm believer in oysters, eating 50 of them raw every morning in the bath together with the lady he fancied at that moment.

Ilene Polansky, the owner of the oyster bar "Maestro S.V.P." in Montreal, Canada, reports that Roman emperors paid for them by their weight in gold. When Aphrodite the Greek goddess of love, sprang forth from the sea on an oyster shell and promptly gave birth to Eros, a working aphrodisiac was born.

Ilene recommends oysters au naturel, best served simply with crushed ice and seaweed. Fresh lemon juice or Worcestershire sauce are both good accompaniments. There are two classes of sauce to be served with oysters. The first is mignonette sauce with shallots and red wine vinegar and the second is a chili sauce. Wines that go well with oysters are, e.g. such as a Chardonnay, whether it be Australian, Chilean, French or Californian. A tall glass of dry Spanish sherry is also perfect.

As the owner of the oyster bar, Ilene's favourite oyster drink is the "Maestro S.V.P. oyster shooter": Take an oyster, put it in a shot glass, add a little cocktail sauce, fresh horseradish and jalapeno vodka. You then drink it like a shooter. It is a very refreshing treat.

Normally, oysters are eaten raw, but Gordon Hamersley, the owner and executive chef of the Boston restaurant Hamersley's, suggests a topping of sea urchin roe (which he asserts is a well-known aphrodisiac) and caviar to amplify the effects.

Erik Blauberg of American Renaissance proposes serving the oysters with a cucumber, lime and dill dressing.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Satyrion, stones and pearls

2008-08-30T08:21:00.000-07:00

For this post I have tried to collect a variety of strange aphrodisiacs which do not fit in elsewhere, as well as some truly fictitious material

Satyrion

Judging from Greek and Roman accounts, satyrion must have been very close to the perfect aphrodisiac. According to Theophrastus, it produced on one occasion seventy consecutive acts of coitus. Another Roman author suggests that it is sufficient to use it on the soles of the feet to produce erotic arousal. Yet another source suggests that it was sufficient to hold a part of the plant in the hand to produce the desired erotic effects.

Unfortunately, the precise identity of satyrion is not known today. It was a plant with reddish leaves and a double root, possibly similar to the orchids producing salep.The most common way of using it was to pulverize the dried root and add it to wine.

According to some sources, not only the root but also the nectar was used as satyrion. You could try the nectar of the wild orchid Orchis mascula (found in many parts of Europe) and mix it with warm goat's milk. The nectar from one plant is sufficient for two tablespoons of milk.

The popularity of satyrion, however, led to its eradication, a fate it shared with silphion (laserpitium), a plant known to be a rich nourishment, a delicious spice and a powerful medicine.

Precious stones and pearls

Precious stones and pearls have long been associated with powers to stimulate the sexual desire, not only when presented as such (just consider the effect of the gift of a dimond ring!) but also when consumed. Pulverised agate is reportedly specially effective.

Cleopatra, born 69 and dead 30 B.C., was queen of Egypt. In order to provoke her amorousness she used to dissolve pearls in vinegar and drink this beverage. Since she managed to get both Julius Caesar and Marc Antony as lovers, the potion must be considered successful.

Persians made pastilles out of crushed pearls and rubies, gold dust and ambergris, and ate this as an aphrodisiac.

Literary aphrodisiacs

One of the most remarkable aphrodisiacs is the starting point for Richard Dahl's hilariously indecent novel My Uncle Oswald (1979). The Sudanese Blister Beetle, Cantharis vesicatoria sudanii, is a highly improved version of the Spanish fly:

It builds a fire under your genitals. It is both a violent aphrodisiac and a powerful irritant. It not only makes you uncontrollably randy but it also guarantees you an enormous and long-lasting erection at the same time.

However, anyone who has read the novel will hesitate to try the Sudanese Blister Beetle. But, still...

Modern mythical aphrodisiacs

On 22 May 1984 the Dallas Morning News carried the following story under the byline of Stephen G. Bloom:

Chaucer recommended garlic, onions and leeks. Mushrooms, frog's bones and dried chicken tongues also were said to do the trick.

Then came oysters, Spanish fly, olives, strawberries, ginseng and Vitamin E.

Now, the latest substances thought to induce a frenzy of wild passion are green M&Ms.

At East Texas State University anthropology student Denise Boesewetter recently spent weeks interviewing people about what they thought were aphrodisiacs. Of 46 respondents, Boeswetter reported last month that almost half mentioned green M&Ms as a powerful inducer of sexual desire.

At a University of Texas sorority house in Austin, a large jar filled with green M&Ms is reserved for "special occasions."

And at Dallas' Arts Magnet High School, the candy's reputed powers also are a hot item on the teen grapevine. "They make you look sexually attractive," says Jana Hodges, a 17-year old senior. "Green M&Ms are the first ones to eat when you tear open the package."

If you are interested in learning more about these remarkable properties of green M&Ms, you can consult the Urban Legends Reference Pages or Jan Harold Brunvand's book The Mexican Pet - more "new" urban legends and some old favorites (1986).

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Onions, an Aphrodisiacal Gift of the Gods

2008-08-30T08:18:00.000-07:00

Onions have, almost since prehistoric time, been attributed aphrodisiacal properties. They are mentioned in many classic Hindu texts on the art of making love, they were the most used aphrodisiac in ancient Greece, and they are frequently included as an ingredient in Roman and Arab recipes.

During Pharaonic times celibating Egyptian priests were prohibited to eat onions because of the potential effects. Later on, in France, newlyweds were served onion soup on the morning after their wedding night to restore their libido.

The Romans

Ovid, in "Ars Amatoria" book 2, suggests:

"Let white onions be taken that are sent from the Pelasgian city of Alcathous."

The Romans seldom used onions alone, and usually only after cooking. Thus Apicus in "De re coquinaria" includes onions cooked in water and mixed with pine seeds. One exception is the recommendation of the Roman epigrammatist Martial:

"If your wife is old and your member is exhausted, eat onions in plenty."

The Perfumed Garden

"The Perfumed Garden", an Arab sixteenth century erotic manual written by Sheik al-Nefzawi, bears a testimony to onions.

"The member of Abou el Heiloukh has remained erect For thirty days without a break because he did eat onions."

More specifically, he ate onions cooked with meat and, for drink, had the juice pressed out of pounded onions mixed with honey.

The same source suggests an even more powerful preparation:

Take one part of the juice pressed out of pounded onions and mix it with two parts of purified honey. Heat the mixture until the water of the onion-juice has evaporated, and let the residue get cool, to be used whenever required.

But be careful. A man using this for several consecutive days will constantly have his member rigid and erect without intermission, the sheik warns (or promises?). Furthermore, the medicine should never be used for three consecutive days except by old and cold-tempered men.

Onions mixed with egg yolks and eaten during three days will provide "an energetic stimulant toward coitus." As an alternative peeled onions can be fried in oil in a saucepan together with egg yolks and (unspecified) condiments. You will acquire a surpassing and invaluable vigour for the coitus if you partake this spicy onion paste for several days.

Chemical aspects

Onion, as well as garlic, contains the amino acid alliin and the related allicin (CH2=CH-CH2-SO-CH2-CH=CH2). Alliin, which is devoid of any odour or taste, can be transformed into allicin by the enzyme allinase. Whenever an onion (or a garlic) is crushed this enzyme is released from the plant tissue and starts to enact the transformation. It is allicin which causes the "true" garlic odour. No aphrodisiacal properties have (yet) been demonstrated, but the compound is a good antibiotic.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Muira Puama or Potency Wood, a traditional Brazilian Aphrodisiac

2008-08-30T08:13:00.000-07:00

Muira puama, marapuama or liriosma is a bush occurring in the northern and northeastern parts of Brazil. The white flowers have a jasmine-like pungent and aromatic smell. It is also known under the name potency wood or under its latin name Ptychopetalum uncinatum (also known as P. olacoides)

The active constituents are contained in the bark from which a concentrated water extract or a dilute herbal tea can be prepared. The herbal tea is slightly bitter but can, of course, be sweetened to make it more palatable. A daily dose of muira puama would correspond to the order of magnitude of one gramme of bark.

It is alleged to be effective against a multitude of symptoms. M. Penna in "Notes Sobre Plantas Brasileires" (1930) includes treatment of disorders of the nervous system, impotency, and gastrointestinal and circulatory astenia. D. Schwontkowski in "Herbs of the Amazon" (1993) mentiones not only impotence but frigidity, menstrual cramps and premenstrual syndrome.

In a French study of 262 patients complaining of erectile impotence or lack of libido, within two weeks of daily treatment 62 % of patients with loss of libido claimed that the treatment had effect. Of the patients with erection failures 51 % felt that muira puama was beneficial.

No constituents, which could give rise to the reported alleged effects have yet been isolated and identified.

Other Brazilian aphrodisiac plants

Three other plants have frequently been used in Brazilian folk medicine as aphrodisiacs: Catuaba (Juniperus brasiliensis, cajueiro (cashew nut, see photo at right)(Anacardium occidentale) and koribo (Tanaecium nocturnum). The main uses of the first plant are said to be for male impotency, for extreme fatigue and as a general tonic. Cajueiro is used as a general tonic for the body, also having aphrodisiacal effects. An additional use of koribo, besides as an aphrodisiac, is to treat diarrhea.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Ginkgo Nuts as Aphrodisiac

2008-08-30T08:10:00.000-07:00

The fruits of the maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae)(see photo to the left) resembles that of the persimon in colour (pale orange), size and character, with one exception: its flesh stinks. The reason is an abundant production of butyric acid, the same compound that occurs in rancid butter. However, when the hulls fall off the nuts can be collected and dried. When cracked open, the odour-less contents can be eaten.

Ginkgo is possibly the oldest surviving plant in the world. Its origin is in the Permian era, some 200-225 million years ago. The present form of the ginkgo leaf has been essentially unchanged since Jurassic times, about 100 million years ago. Thus, Ginkgo biloba is a fascinating living fossil that can reach an age of over 500 year.

In Chinese herbal medicine ginkgo leaves have been used for more than 5,000 years against ailments ranging from asthma to impotence. Nowadays, the most common preparation is a standardised extract (containing 24 % flavoglycosides). Also the nuts have been used as a kidney yang tonic, which would imply such remarkable and diverse properties as increasing sexual energy, stopping bed-wetting and restoring hearing loss.

Ginkgo nuts can also be roasted and eaten simply because they are delicious. In Japan they are eaten in an egg custard like dish calles chawanmushi. Canned ginkgo nuts are available in Japan and China, and are also imported into some Western countries.

They contain very small quantities of a group of remarkable chemicals called ginkgolides; higher concentrations are found in the leaves and in the wood. The ginkgolides are highly modified diterpenes containing a tertiary butyl group and a lactone ring system that is stable towards strong acids but readily hydrolysed by weak bases. Just guess what that could do to improve your sex life!

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Fruits and Nuts as Aphrodisiacs

2008-08-30T07:52:00.002-07:00

Coco-de-Mer

The most indecent fruit in the world, the nut of Lodoicea maldivica, commonly known as coco-de-mer, is not only visually stimulating by its close resemblance to a certain part of the female body, but also acts as an aphrodisiac when consumed. It is the largest fruit in the plant world, reaching a weight of 10-20 kgs.

Even if commonly called a "double coconut", it is not a coconut but grows on a fan-leaf palm with the two sexes on different trees. The "female" trees do not bear until they are more than 100 years old; furthermore they are confined to two out of the twelve islands of the Seychelles. The annual production is limited to a few thousand nuts.

The interior of the coco-de-mer is jelly-like when ripe and much appreciated, not only because of its aphrodisiacal qualities but also because of the taste.

But even regular coconuts might be useful. The 14th century Arab geographer Ibn-Battuta sent some time on the Maldives, mainly living on fish and fresh coconuts. "I myself had four legitimate wives in this country apart from the concubines. I was potent for them all every day and besides that spent the whole night with whichever of them whose turn it was. I lived like a prince for a year and a half."

Not a bad feat acquiring four wives during such a short period. But maybe it was the fish diet rather than the coconuts...

Pine nuts

A special page is devoted to these nuts, which have such qualities that perhaps they should be X-rated.

Ginkgo

The Ginkgo or Maiden-hair tree has a nut with remarkable properties.

The betel nut

Early Indian writings suggested multiple uses of the betel nut. Not only would it induce love but also expel wind, kill germs and subdue bad body odour.

The betel nut is the seed of Areca catechu, a single-trunked palm tree which can reach a height of 15-30 metre and which is widely diffused among the tropical islands of the southwestern Pacific and adjacent shores.

The reddish-yellow "nuts", which are not true nuts but berries, are 6-8 centimetre long and contain a small kernel. A slice of the nut is taken, sprinkled with finely ground lime and any suitable spices, and wrapped in a leaf of the betel pepper (Piper betle). This small package is then chewed.

Walnut

Already the Latin name of the walnut genus, Juglans, indicates its properties: literally the name means the glans of Jupiter. The origin of the name might be the ancient Roman use of walnut in fertility rites. This included the practice of throwing walnuts instead of rice in marriage ceremonies. Walnut preparations have also occasionally been used in France and Italy to increase the desire.

A walnut festival is celebrated on the second Sunday of October in Vianden, Luxembourg, when useful products, such as walnut liqueur, walnut wine and walnut pate can be bought.

Quince

Quince, Cydonia oblongata (=C. vulgaris) (Rosaceae) has long been cultivated in the entire Mediterranean area. The fruit is, e.g. mentioned by the Greek physician Theophrastos 300 B.C., and is believed to have been the golden apples of the Hesperides. Some even say quince was the apple which lured Eve.

Due to its colour, fragrance and many seeds the fruit was dedicated by the Greeks to Aphrodite and by the Romans to Venus, the goddesses of love, and a symbol for beauty, love, fertility and a happy marriage.

The eating of a Quince pear at weddings is said to be preparative of sweet and delightful days between the married persons The high concentration of mucilage in the seeds made them very popular as an aphrodisiac. Quince jelly has also a good reputation as an amorous adjuvant.

Quince is very rich in pectin. Thus, the addition of small quantity of quince will rapidly solidify any quivering mass of jelly.

Grapes
The Greek god Dionysus was not only the god of wine but also the god of fertility and procreation. Naturally, even unfermented grapes were ascribed stimulating properties.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Aphrodisiacal Food and Drink

2008-08-30T07:52:00.001-07:00

The basic rule for selecting aphrodisiacal food is simple: the more expensive the food, the higher the probability that people will believe in it. Of course, if somebody is prepared to spoon-feed you caviar (the real stuff!) it might suggest that the person is seriously interested in you, which, in turn, could stimulate your interest in that person.

Seafood

According to common wisdom, almost any kinds of seafood could act as an aphrodisiac. Lobster, oysters or sole should work equally well as long as they are expensive.

As can be seen from the symbol of this site (Jan Steen: Het oestereetstertje) oysters personified the concept of aphrodisiacs already during the 17th century. Offering an oyster was more than just offering something to eat...

One reason for the popularity of seafood in general and oysters in particular could be that such food generally is light. You do not end up overstuffed (and then underperforming) after half a dozen oysters in their shells, followed by skate wings with a glass of chardonnay.

If you have to select one single seafood, I would recommend chipi-chipi, a small Venezuelan clam widely known for its aphrodisiacal effects.

Fruits and nuts

The aphrodisiacal fruits and nuts have a post of their own. The most impressive nut, the pine nut, is given the special attention it deserves.

Beverages

Most aphrodisiac beverages contain alcohol; these are discussed on the separate page "Alcoholic beverages". Asses' milk had a strong reputation among Romans and arabs, but mainly when used topically. Rubbing the genitals twice a day with this milk had beneficial effects. According to "The Perfumed Garden", the virile member would become "uncommonly strong and vigorous". It is also supposed to have effects on women: Poppea, the wife of the Roman emperor Nero, is said to have bathed in it.

Some non-alcoholic aphrodisiac beverages will soon be added.

Recipies

We have brought together a delightful collection of recipes for aphrodisiacal dishes. If you and your partner believe firmly in them, we can almost guarantee success. And even if you don't, you will have some enjoyable meals.

Other food

Burchard I, bishop of Worms 1000-1025, describes an interesting approach to aphrodisiacs. When the wheat had been harvested but before it was threshed, a woman would undress and roll around over the wheat, which was then threshed and taken to the mill. After milling (counterclockwise!) the flour was used by the woman for the preparation of "love breads". Any man eating such a bread would immediately desire the woman.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Aphrodisiacal Drugs

2008-08-30T07:46:00.000-07:00

The search for drugs which could act as sexual adjuvants is probably almost as old as the human sex instinct. Originally, the interest focussed on plant and animal preparations, which are discussed elsewhere. Here some pure chemicals, synthetic or isolated from plants, are reviewed:

* alkyl nitrites
* anafranil
* anti-Parkinson drugs
* chlorophenylalanine
* Viagra, the active compound being sildenafil
* yohimbe and yohimbine

Alkyl nitrites

Volatile alkyl nitrites have been used during the last decades for "recreational purposes", including to intesify the sexual experience. The alkyl nitrites are normally distributed in glass ampoules, which are opened/broken and the vapours of the contents are inhaled ("popping" and "snorting"). However, because of the route of administration it is very difficult to control the dose and to ascertain that no dangerous quantities are inhaled.

The first alkyl nitrite to be used in this way was amyl nitrite, originally made available as an antidote to hydrogen cyanide poisoning. When this became a prescription drug in the United States, various homologues and isomers began to appear in the market for "recreational purposes" as legal substitues. Among the substitutes were n-butyl nitrite, iso-butyl nitrite, iso-amyl nitrite, sec-butyl nitrite and n-propyl nitrite.

Their use has been associated with methemoglobinemia and hemolysis. (The first term means that your blood hemoglobin is converted into a chemical which cannot transport oxygen, the second term means that your red platlets are destroyed.) It has even been suggested that there could be a link between the inhalation of alkyl nitrites and the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, a disease normally associated with AIDS Numerous references on the use of alkyl nitrites as aphrodisiacs are available. Please consult these before even thinking about using alkyl nitrites!

Yohimbine

Yohimbine is the major active constituent of the bark of yohimbe, Corynanthe yohimbe (Rubiaceae), a tree growing in tropical West Africa (Nigeria) and Cameroon. Yohimbe has long been used by the local population for its perceived high sexual potency. The same alkaloid also occurs in the South American tree White Quebracho, Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (Apocynaceae).

Yohimbine has had an extensive use in veterinary medicine, e.g. for treatment of impotent breeding stallions. In both animal and man it produces a complex pattern of responses, such as anti-diuresis and central excitation, including elevation of blood pressure and heart rate, increased motor activity and irritability. Sweating, nausea and vomiting are also common after parenteral administration in man.

Roger J has sent his personal observations on the use of yohimbe to the Aphrodisiacs Exchange. His observations should be useful to anybody tempted to try the preparation.

"Having used Yohimbe Bark for more than one year now, I would like to give the following advice to any one who would like to use this herb to its highest effectiveness:-

1. Different brands of commercially prepared products have different dosages, regardless of what it says outside the bottle. One has to 'try it out' before its 'true strength' is known.
2. If you have serious side effects with it, e.g. nausea and sweating, etc. try switching to another brand - it may not be due to yohimbine itself, but the way it is prepared.
3. To avoid side effects, try taking the herb with a full stomach. It slows down the response time but reduces the side effects remarkably.
4. If you take the herb continously (e.g. every day), you will find the effectiveness decreasing cos it seems that the body gets used to it. Try taking it on alternate days or stop it altogether for a while. When you take the herb again after a short hiatus, it works wonders!

All the above is from my experience of using Yohimbe Bark. And finally, I must say that the herb is wonderful - it produces erections as hard as steel, and increases the force and volume of ejaculation tremendously. I feel like as if I were still 20!"

p-Chlorophenylalanine

High levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) are belived to lower or inhibit human sexual activity. Thus, a chemical inhibiting serotonin production might be expected to have a potential as an aphrodisiac. The amino acid p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) is a known serotonin inhibitor, and in 1969 it was shown by Tagliamonte et al. that PCPA has a sexual stimulating effect upon normally sluggish male rats. Out of 80 rats treated with PCPA and pargyline 54 tried to mount at least 6 times during 12 hours.

However, it was pointed out by other researchers that the mounting frequency only referred to homosexual mounts. When PCPA was used in a heterosexual situation the copulation frequency of the treated male rats did not increase.

To this it was objected that the treated rats were known to be vigorous copulators, being able to achieve 6-8 ejaculations before satiation. It might be difficult to raise this number even by using a powerful aphrodisiac.

On the other hand it was also suggested that PCPA works not by enhancing sexual motivation, but rather by altering the male's ability to adequately distinguish appropriate sexual partners. On the third hand, rabbits injected by PCPA displayed a compulsive sexual behaviour that lasted up to 3 days (fortunately, no details given).

For a full account of the PCPA controversy check out the references.

Anafranil

"Three clinical psychiatrists had a paper in the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry entitled "Unusual Side Effects of Clomipramine Associated with Yawning," describing 4 patients who, while taking the the anti-depressant drug Clomipramine (brand name Anafranil) reported the unusual side effect of spontaneous orgasm every time they yawned.

The first case of this was a female patient who had been depressed for 3 months, but under treatment "Complete symptom remission occurred within 10 days". She then asked how long she would be allowed to go on using the drug, since she had observed that every time she yawned she had an orgasm, and she was able to experience orgasm by deliberate yawning.

Apparently it can work for guys too. One male patient said that while he found the repeated climaxes "awkward and embarrassing", he elected to continue the medication because of the therapeutic benefit he obtained. The awkwardness and embarrassment were overcome by continuously wearing a condom."

Around five per cent of clomipramine users report the side effect, though for most people the drug inhibits the ability to reach orgasm. The New Scientist says that the drug's users have been comparing notes on the Internet and speculating on its unusual consequences: people who experience it would presumably seek out the most boring person they could find at parties.

Anti-Parkinson Drugs

A side effect of many anti-Parkinson drugs, including L-Dopa is to increase the sexual interest, mainly by restoring the interest to earlier (higher) levels. More information on this will be added shortly, please come back!

Other drugs

Several other drugs have been ascribed aphrodisical properties. Such drugs can be simple amino acids, such as arginine. Elsewhere on the WWW a 21-year old woman is quoted saying:

My god, that stuff! I had to stop taking it. I was doing it with every guy that came along!

But they could also be more complex drugs like piracetam, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), bromocriptine (=Parlodel) or deprenyl. Medline-retrieved reviews on deprenyl are available.

Nitric oxide, NO, was discovered to be a transmittor of nerve impulses only eight years ago. It is know known to be a key substances in the process that leads to erection in the male body. However, since it is a gas, which is only required at a very specific location it has turned out to be extremely difficult to use it for amorous purposes.

More information on the use of "other drugs" as aphrodisiacs will be added shortly.

References

Badoual T, Thyrault M, Anguel N, Jallot A, Auzepy P: Acute voluntary poisoning by inhalation of "poppers" (letter). Presse Med 25 (7): 304 (Feb 24 1996)
Tytgat J, Daenens P: Solvent-free sample preparation by headspace solid-phase microextraction applied to the tracing of n-butyl nitrite abuse. Int J Legal Med 109 (3): 150-154 (1996)
Forsyth RJ, Moulden A: Methaemoglobinaemia after ingestion of amyl nitrite. Arch Dis Child 66 (1): 152 (Jan 1991)
Dunkel VC, Rogers-Back AM, Lawlor TE, Harbell JW, Cameron TP: Mutagenicity of some alkyl nitrites used as recreational drugs. Environ Mol Mutagen 14 (2): 115-122 (1989)
Newell GR, Spitz MR, Wilson MB: Nitrite inhalants: historical perspective. NIDA Res Monogr 83: 1-14 (1988)
Bogart L, Bonsignore J, Carvalho A: Massive hemolysis following inhalation of volatile nitrites. Am J Hematol 22 (3): 327-329 (Jul 1986)
Poulsen PA: Consumption of volatile nitrite in the clientele of a clinic for venereal diseases. Ugeskr Laeger 146 (17): 1280-1281 (Apr 23 1984)
Poulsen PA: Alkyl nitrite as an aphrodisiac. Ugeskr Laeger 145 (29): 2213-2215 (Jul 18 1983)

A. Tagliamonte et al.: Compulsive sexual activity induced by p-chlorophenylalanine in normal and pinealectomized male rats. Science 166, 1433-35 (1969)
J. Ferguson et al.: Science 168, 499-501 (1970)
R.E. Whalen and W.G. Luttge: P-Chlorophenylalanine methyl ester: an aphrodisiac? Science 169, 1000-01 (1970).
A Zitrin et al.: Sexual behaviour of male cats after administration of parachlorophenylalanine. Science 170, 868-70 (1970)
G.L. Gessa et al.: Aphrodisiac effect of p-chlorophenylalanine. Science 171, 706 (1971)

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Chan Su, a Lethal Aphrodisiac

2008-08-30T07:32:00.000-07:00

Chan Su is a traditional Chinese medication used, inter alia, as a topical anesthetic. It is prepared from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans and contains bufadienolides and bufotenine, examples of cardiac steroids. During the last few years it has been sold in New York City as a purported aphrodisiac under names such as "Stone" and "Rock Hard".

At least four fatalities have been reported during 1993-95 as a result of ingestion of this topical drug, the deaths being caused by cardiac dysrythmias.

Even when used topically, Chan Su is not in any way an amorous adjuvant. When ingested, its contents of cardioactive steroids such as resibufogenin, bufalin and cinobufagin, is bound to have detrimental effects.

The death of a 23-year-old man in New York City resulting from heart failure was attributed to ingestion of a West Indian aphrodisiac known as "Love Stone." Chemical analysis showed that this preparation was very similar to "Chan Su" By a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, bufotenine was identified as well as a series of bufadienolides, namely resibufogenin, bufalin, and cinobufagin. Allk these are derived from toad venom or secretions, and are cardiotonic steroids.

For further information, please consult Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 44, 853 (1995). as well as following list of references.

References

Brubacher JR, Ravikumar PR, Bania T, Heller MB, Hoffman RS: Treatment of toad venom poisoning with digoxin-specific Fab fragments. Chest 110 (5): 1282-1288 (Nov 1996)
Barry TL, Petzinger G, Zito SW: GC/MS comparison of the West Indian aphrodisiac "Love Stone" to the Chinese medication "chan su": bufotenine and related bufadienolides. J Forensic Sci 41 (6): 1068-1073 (Nov 1996)
Pierach CA: Digoxinlike toxicity and death from a purported aphrodisiac. JAMA 275 (13): 988 (Apr 3 1996)
Weinblatt M: "Rock"--a deadly aphrodisiac. Ann Emerg Med 23 (4): 904 (Apr 1994)
Chan WY, Ng TB, Yeung HW: Examination for toxicity of a Chinese drug, the toad glandular secretory product chan su, in pregnant mice and embryos. Biol Neonate 67 (5): 376-380 (1995)
Wang JD, Narui T, Takatsuki S, Hashimoto T, Kobayashi F, Ekimoto H, Abuki H, Niijima K, Okuyama T: Hematological studies on naturally occurring substances. VI. Effects of an animal crude drug "chan su" (bufonis venenum) on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis system and cytotoxicity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 39 (8): 2135-2137 (Aug 1991)
Fushimi R, Koh T, Iyama S, Yasuhara M, Tachi J, Kohda K, Amino N, Miyai K: Digoxin-like immunoreactivity in Chinese medicine. Ther Drug Monit 12 (3): 242-245 (May 1990)

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Animal Preparations

2008-08-30T07:24:00.000-07:00

Numerous animal preparations with little or no nutritious value have been used as aphrodisiacs. According to a medieval recipe, black ants were dried and mixed with olive oil immediately before consumption. Lizards were highly esteemed both by Arabs and southern Europeans. The easiest way was to dry the lizard, pulverize it and take the powder together with a sweet white wine. The lizard could also be a main constituent of a more elaborate dish.

One lizard, occurring on some Mediterranean islands and in northern Africa, Sticus officinalis, was popular as an aphrodisiac during the 18th century even in such remote countries as Sweden.

In several East Asian countries, the consumption of snake blood is supposed to be beneficial for ailing males. Further details, including an address to a snake blood restaurant, are provided on the snake blood page.

In "The Perfumed Garden" it is suggested that rubbing the penis and the vulva with the bile of a jackal will make those parts vigorous for the coitus. A similar result can also be achieved by rubbing the penis with asses' milk.

A man can also, according to "The Perfumed Garden", melt down fat from the hump of a camel and rub his member with it just before the act; it will then perform wonders, and the woman will praise it for its work, it is asserted. (At least it will act as a lubricant!)

Leeches can be used to increase the size of the male member. They are put in a bottle, which is kept enclosed in the warmth of a dunghill until the leeches have turned into a homogenous mass. This is used as a liniment for repeatedly anointing the member.

In Greenland, the billknob of the king eider (Somateria spectabilis) is eaten as an aphrodisiac.

According to Pliny, the gall of a boar would stimulate to coitus. (xxviii: 261).

Even gallstones are in some Asian countries believed to be an aphrodisiac and can have a market value of up to US$15,000 a kilogramme (US$550 an ounce). On 19 March 1997 Mary Claire Stevens, a meat-packing plant food inspector was charged with felony theft, accused of taking gallstones from the Long Prairie Packing Plant in South St. Paul, Minn., USA, to sell on the international market.

The flesh of the Nilgiri langur and the lion-tailed macaque is reputed for its aphrodisiacal properties, according to Ramachandran et al. (1987).

In Hong Kong certain shark species can fetch $ 150 apiece because of the demand for shark fins as an aphrodisiac. The fins are removed, dried for two days and cooked into shark fin soup.

Ambergris

Ambergris is a product arising from some whales, which occasionally can be found on ocean beaches. It is extremely expensive and used for perfume production. According to Arabic folklore it is also an aphrodisiac, a claim which might have substance. Dr. SA Taha and co-workers have published a scientific paper in which they report that ambrein, a main constituent of ambergris, in male rats produced "recurrent episodes of penile erection, a dose-dependent, vigorous and repetitive increase in intromissions and an increased anogenital investigatory behavior". In other words, the male rats started to copulate like they were crazy.

Antlers

Probably because of the similarity with an erect penis, horns and antlers have long been used as aphrodisiacs, especially in Eastern Asia. Reindeer shred their antlers annually; collected shredded reindeer antlers are imported for aphrodisiac purposes in Japan from Canada, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Since fresh antlers are supposed to be even more powerful, but removal of live antlers from the animals is forbidden in Scandinavia even live reindeers have been imported to provide the best possible aphrodisiac quality.

The Tibet Red Deer, Cervus elaphus wallichi, has long been listed as extinct by the World Conservation Union. A herd of 200 animals was recently discovered about 100 miles east of Lhasa (Tibet) on alpine meadows at an altitude of about 4,000 meters. The reason for the earlier believed extermination, and the reason why these animals still are threatened, is that they are coveted for their velvety antlers, which are highly prized as an aphrodisiac.

Rhino Horns

Powdered rhinoceros horns are regarded as a panacea in Eastern Asia, effective against anything from nosebleeds and headaches to diphtheria and food poisoning. In addition, they are widely believed to increase the male sexual capacity, including the capacity for erection However, it should be noted that the original rhino aphrodisiac was the dried penis and not the horn. Widespread poaching of rhinos, including for the sake of the horn, has led to the inclusion in the list of endangered species of all five rhino species existing today (3 in Asia, 2 in Africa).

A rhino's horn is not attached to the skull and is thus not a true horn. It is a growth from the skin of densely compressed dermal fibers, made up keratin. This is the same material that is found in hair and nails. Consequently, comsumption of powdered nail clippings would be expected to provide the same results as rhino's horn.

Also the low molecular weight constituents have been investigated by Inagaki and Oida. Sugar, phosphorous and ethanolamine are present along with several free amino acids, such as aspartic acid, threonine, ornithine, lysine, histidine and arginine (which has been suggested to increase the intensity of sensation during sex).

The use of rhino horns (and tiger bones) for medical purposes was declared illegal by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. However, some trade appears to continue, as the rhino horn is highly prized. In 1990 horns of Asian origin were sold for $21,000 in Thailand and for $54,000 in Taiwan per kilogram.

Spanish fly

A separate post is devoted to Spanish fly and its active constituent, cantharidin.

Animal genitalia

Also the use of animal genitalia as aphrodisiacs is discussed on a separate post.

Chan Su

The traditional Chinese drug Chan Su is made from the skin of a toad. Internal use of this topical drug as an aphrodisiac caused four deaths in New York City 1993-95.

Tiger preparations

In East Asia many tiger parts are considered as powerful aphrodisiacs, including bones, fat, liver and even penis. A bowl of tiger penis soup can fetch $ 350 in Taiwan and South Korea and will have a marvelous effect: just like the tiger you will be able to make love for a full 15 seconds!

Tiger whiskers are used as an aphrodisiac in Indonesia, but in Malaysia the same preparation is regarded as a strong poison.

Remember, though, that all tiger species are endangered. Why not try pulverized porcupine spines as a substitute instead of the prized tiger whiskers? The spines are far more stiff and erect!

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Animal Genitalia as Aphrodisiacs

2008-08-30T07:23:00.000-07:00

Organotherapy was already during the Roman time a popular way of trying to treat sexual problems. This therapy is based on the belief that the consumption of a healthy animal organ might cure illnesses in the corresponding human organ. Thus, the Romans ate all kinds of animal genitalia, including penises, wombs and testes, from animals ranging from monkeys to cocks.

Apicus in his "De re coquinaria" includes several recipes for stuffed womb of pig and cow, mainly, however, as dishes to increase fertility.

The use of deer genitals as an aphrodisiac dates back to antiquity. Hippocrate recommends the penis, an organ which, according to Dioscoride, also can be used as an antidote against snake bites.

Preparations of deer penis were included in several pharmacopoedias as late as during the 18th century, e.g. in Sweden (Svenska taxan 1739: Priapus cervi, Hjort-Pees). Pharmacopoea Wirtenbergensis, published in 1750, recommends "Cervi Priapus" against poisoning, bladder stones and blood in the urine but also suggests that it is a praised aphrodisiac.

Deer testicles, "Testiculi cervi", were less popular, but nevertheless included in the famous "Pharmacologia" by Dale, published in 1696, as an aphrodisiac.

An indirect use of animal genitalia is suggested in "The Perfumed Garden": Boil an ass's penis together with onions and a large quantity of corn. Feed this dish to fowls, which you eat afterwards. This will increase the size and capacity of a man's penis.

Even today there is a market for animal genitalia. According to the March 1995 issue of "Animal People" one Canadian company delivered 50,000 seal carcasses to China during 1994. The genitals alone fetched more than $ 100, while the pelt, meat and oil of a seal went for $20.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Alcoholic Beverages

2008-08-30T07:17:00.000-07:00

The use of alcoholic beverages to stimulate the libido is of ancient origin. "Sine Ceres et Libero friget Venus" (Without Ceres and Libero [=Bacchus] Venus will freeze, i.e. without food and wine no love) wrote Terence in Eunuchus. However, it was also noted that excessive use would seriously hamper any attempt at love-making. A real intoxication is ugly, but to pretend being drunk can often be helpful, notes Ovid in "Ars amatoria". Then any (unintentional) bad manner will be attributed the wine you pretend to have consumed.

Shakespeare, in Macbeth, Act II, Scene III, lets the porter say that:

it provokes and it unprovokes; it provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance.

A moderate quantity of alcohol will reduce anxiety and release inhibitions, especially for strongly inhibited persons, but the sedative effects soon will be dominating. More than half a gramme of pure alcohol per kilo bodyweight should be avoided by anyone wanting to retain full amorous capabilities. At a bodyweight of 75 kgs this corresponds, e.g. to half a bottle of wine before an event.

Possibly, there might also be other physiological effects. A 1994 study published in the British scientific journal Nature claimed that intake of alcohol would raise the testosterone level of women. Normally, women produce about on tenth the amount men do. According to Dr. Weil "additional small amounts can dramatically increase the libido. For women who lack sexual interest and desire, the treatment can be life-changing."

Absinthe

Some alcoholic beverages are believed to be especially potent. Absinthe was extensively used at the end of the last century as an aphrodisiac by many European, especially French, artists and intellectuals. The driving force behind this Bohemian absinthe cult was the French poet Paul Verlaine. Absinthe is largely an alcoholic extract of wormwood, Arthemisia absinthium, a plant which is rich in quite toxic compounds, such as the essential oils thujon and thujol.

The main culprit is thujon. Its use on a moderate scale as a remedy against intestinal worms might be justified, but habitual use on a large scale can be devastating and result in blindness, cramps and nerve injuries. Absinthe was prohibited in France on 16 March 1915 and is now banned in most European countries because of its toxicity and habit-forming properties.

What the results of use can be are evident from this Degas painting (also available in a even larger format); what a glass of absinthe can look like has been sculptured by Picasso in 1914, a year before the absinthe prohibition.

For further information on absinthe, please consult the collection of absinthe FAQs that is available.

Beer

One could have expected that beer, being a nourishing drink with an alcohol contents low enough to make it easy to avoid overconsumption, quickly would have gained a solid reputation as an aphrodisiac, but alas! The only exception appears to be stout. According to Michel Jackson's Beer Companion, stout is seen as an aphrodisiac in some countries.

A possible explanation might be that beer (like all alcoholic beverages) lowers the production of the hormone vasopressin in the body. This hormone controls, inter alia, the resorption of primary urine; less vasopressin results in less resorption and thus in frequent trips to the toilet, especially when large quantities of liquid have been consumed.

Some special beers have a local reputation for increasing the libido. A favourite beer of ours during hot summer days is the Belgian whitebeer Hoegaarden. Served with a slice of lemon it will cool your exterior and heat your interior!

Recently, the European Magazine, (15-21 February 1996) reported that "oyster stout is being launched as an aphrodisiac drink by Murphy's, the Irish brewer. The brew contains extracts of oysters from the west coast of Ireland."

Liqueurs

Several liqueurs developed in old monasteries have been attributed aphrodisiac effects. These liqueurs include chartreuse (especially the green variety) and benedictine. I have not yet been able to figure out why monks should be so interested in aphrodisiacal liqueurs.

In Guadalajara in Mexico a liqueur is produced from the allegedly aphrodisiacal plant Turnera diffusa under the name Creme de Damiana. The liqueur is supposed to increase libido and counteract impotence.
Portwine

White portwine is held to be a far more powerful aphrodisiac than could be explained by its alcohol contents alone., especially when consumed together with strawberries, preferably of the wild variety. In contrast, red portwine appears to act as any ordinary alcoholic beverage.
Wine

Suitably spiced, wine can be a potent aphrodisiac. Red Burgundy wine, mixed with ginger, cinnamon, cloves, vanilla and sugar is known as Hippocras' aphrodisiac, and was recommended by the French author Rabelais in Gargantua and Pantagruel.

Aqua Mirabilis was used during the 17th century as strengthening tonic but also as an aphrodisiac. It was prepared by letting finely ground cinnamon, galingale root, ginger, nutmeg, rosemary and thyme steep in claret for one week, then straining the wine. A suitable dose would be 1/4 bottle (180 ml) a day.On the basis of this observation it is reasonable to assume that also glögg or glühwein would have similar properties.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Kama Sutra Aphrodisiacs

2008-08-30T07:11:00.000-07:00

Vatsyayana Kama Sutra or Aphorisms on Love by Vatsyayana is a classical Indian treatise on the art of making love and related subjects. It's precise date of origin is not known, only that it must have been written between the first and the sixth century, A.D. It was translated into English in 1883 by Sir Richard F. Burton and F. F. Arbuthnot; the present presentation is based on that translation, which is available.

Part seven deals with "means of attracting others to yourself" and contains numerous recipes for internal as well as external use. Many of them are based on plants which are identified only by their Hindi names and which are virtually impossible to obtain outside India. Most of these preparations have been excluded here.

Make a woman surrender

If a man wants to make a woman subject to his will, he can prepare a mixture of the powders of white thorn apple (Datura stramonium, extremely toxic!), long pepper (tippali, Piper longum) and black pepper, combine it with honey and anoint his penis before intercourse. It should be noted that the tropane alkaloids of the thorn apple will be readily resorbed through the mucous membranes of the penis and the vagina and might cause severe poisoning.

Alternative, and less risky, ointments to achieve the same purpose include constituents such as flowers thrown on human corpse when carried out to be burned and the remains of a kite who has died a natural death.

A less strange ointment can be prepared from the myrobalam plant (Phyllanthus emblica). Another suggestion, to apply a mixture of, inter alia, arsenic and honey to the male member just before intercourse appears to be directly dagerous to both parties involved in the union.

Increase sexual vigor

Several preparations are said to increase sexual vigor. The easiest to prepare consists of equal parts of ghee (clarified butter), honey, sugar, licorice, the juice of fennel bulbs and milk. This is "a nectar-like composition" which is "provocative of sexual vigor" and a "preservative of life".

Milk, licorice and sugar/honey play a central role in many of the recipes. Additional ingredients can include the asparagus relative shitawari (Asparagus racemosus), long pepper (Piper longum) and the seeds or roots of Trapa bispinosa.

Slightly more exotic is the suggestion to boil a testicle of a ram or a goat in milk, add sugar, and drink the concoction. Kama Sutra does not specify whether the testicle should be pureed before serving.

Increase the size of the penis or contract the vagina

Part seven of Kama Sutra also contains a number of recipes said to alter the size of the human reproductive organs. All of them appear totally useless but rather dangerous.

Guide to Aphrodisiacs: Indian Aphrodisiacs

2008-08-30T06:59:00.000-07:00

In a country which has reached a population of almost 1 billion there must be an extensive knowledge of what might stimulate reproductive behaviour. In the following some recommendations from Ayurvedic medicine as well as from modern Indian herbalists have been brought together. Another source of Indian aphrodisiacs is the Kama Sutra, reviewed in our Kama Sutra Aphrodisiacs post.

Ajwain

Ajwain or Bishop's Weed (Trachyspermum ammi of the Umbelliferae family) is a shrub, occurring from Egypt to India, which has been used for medical purposes for several thousand years. The seeds are rich in thymol and are considered an effective aphrodisiac. They should be crushed and fried in ghee (clarified butter), normal butter or olive oil together with an equal quantity of crushed kernels of tamarind seeds. A teaspon of this fried product, taken together with honey and milk before retiring, increases virility and cures premature ejaculation, according to traditional Indian herbal medicine.

Arjuna

Arjuna, Terminalia arjuna, is a tree found in India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. A decoction of the powdered white bark with milk is alleged to be an effective sex stimulant if taken regularly over a period of time. Further uses suggested in Ayurvedic medicine include treatment of asthma and heart disorders.

Butea

The leaves of the Indian tree Butea monosperma, "Flame of the forest", have been used in Indian herbal medicine as an aphrodisiac and to stop bleeding and diarrhea.

However, be careful! An infusion of the leaves is also said to lower the amount of blood sugar, which could have detrimental effects.

Castus

Castus, Saussurea lappa (Compositae), also known in Chinese herbal medicine as mu xiang, occurs, inter alia, in Kashmir at an altitude of 2500-4000 metres above the sea level. The root of the plant is well-known in Ayurvedic medicine as an aphrodisiac. It contains an essential oil which is partly excreted in the urine. During the passage of the urine through the urethra the presence of the oil causes considerable irritation, which can give rise to a somewhat painful erection. This mechanism is reminescent of the effect of the Spanish fly.

Hydrophilia

Hydrophilia, Asteracanthus longifolia (=Hydrophilia spinosa) of the Acathaceae family is a stout, rough, thorny annual plant occurring in swamps in India and Pakistan. The seeds, the dried plant and the roots are used as a popular aphrodisiac (which part depends on the region).

Fifty grammes of the root boiled with one litre of water until the volume has been reduced to half a litre will provide a tonic of which three tablespoons should be taken daily for optimal effects.

Indian aloe

Indian aloe, Aloe barbedensis of the Liliaceae family, is a 50 - 80 centimeter high plant with long, fleshy leaves and small yellow or orange flowers. The leaves are believed to be a useful aphrodisiac, but the skin must be removed before administration.

If the procurement of fresh leaves is difficult, also the dried leave juice can be used. It is known as elio and normally taken in doses of around 0.1 grammes.

Indian Liquorice

Indian liquorice is a common name of the root of Abrus precatorius. However, it is the seeds, sometimes known as jequirity, that are believed to be an aphrodisiac. Be careful! They contain the extremely toxic polypeptide abrin, as toxic as ricin. Five crushed seeds have been a lethal dose for young persons.

During the early 20th Century, the seeds were used in India to poison English cavallery horses. The normal use of the seeds is for ornamental purposes, e.g. in necklaces.

Indian Mallow

Indian mallow, Abutilon indicum of the Malvaceae family, has seeds, which are believed to be both an aphrodisiac and a laxative, for me a rather strange combination of properties.

Furthermore, the leaves of the same plant have been used against diarrhoea as well as against gonorrhoea and bladder inflammations.

Kuthimithi

All parts of the shrub Withania somnifera, known as Winter Cherry or Kuthimithi or under its sanskrit name Ashwagandha, are said to promote libido, the root being most potent. A traditional Indian recipe calls for two to four grams of the powdered root to be taken together with milk.

The plant belongs to the potato family, Solanaceae, but contains relatively little of tropane alkaloids. However, somniferine is present, an alkaloid which can induce sleep if taken in sufficient quantity.

For other examples of Indian use of herbs and spices as aphrodisiacs, see, e.g.: Arjuna , Ginger, Nutmeg, Pepper

Aromatherapy and Bath: Getting started

2008-08-26T14:45:00.000-07:00

Since time immemorial, water has been regarded as the great healer. It was the ancient Greek and Roman cultures that first recognized the relaxing and remedial properties of water and of massaging oils into the body. Having a bath with essential oils is one of the simplest and most effective aromatherapy treatments. It can be stimulating or relaxing, depending on the temperature of the water and your choice of oils. The therapeutic action of the oils works in two ways: they are absorbed through the skin, moisturizing the dermis and entering the circulatory system, and at the same time their aromas are inhaled, stimulating the brain and increasing your sense of well-being. An aromatic bath can detoxify the body, help problems like cellulite, joint stiffness, general aches and pains, colds and headaches, tone and condition skin, and relieve anxiety and tension.

Getting started

A bath is a simple and effective way of using essential oils. All you need to do is a fill a tub with water, add 6-10 drops of essential oil in it and immerse yourself in the tub for 20 minutes and inhale the perfume. But before you get started, keep these tips in mind:

Temperature of the water is important. Remember, a cooler bath is more stimulating while a warm bath helps to relax.
Very hot water is damaging because it causes blood vessels and capillaries to expand and increases the heart beat. Hot is also very tough on the skin. You should particularly avoid hot water if you have varicose veins, haemorrhoids, and high blood pressure or are pregnant.
A 15--20 minute soak is long enough before skin cells over-hydrate and swell with water.
Wait until the bath is almost full before adding the oils, as they evaporate very quickly.

Oils for the Bath

You can add drops of oil directly to the bath and they will float on the surface in a fine film and evaporate, giving you the full benefit of their aromas. Or if you want to absorb them more you can disperse them in water by mixing with a base carrier oil such as sweet almond, apricot kernel, jojoba or evening primrose (these rich base oils all nourish and rejuvenate the skin in their own right). Mix a bath oil with a combination of up to three essential oils, five drops from each, in one tablespoon of skin- softening base oil. Choose oils with similar or complementary effects so they do not counter-balance one another.

The relaxing bath

If you need to relax after a tough day or want to have a good night's sleep, then turn your bathroom into a private haven. Use a soft light or burn aromatic candles. Plants also add to the setting and mood, though they are optional. To relax, support your head with a bath pillow, close your eyes and inhale deeply. Concentrate on your breathing, empty your mind and let the oils soothe away all the stresses and strains. After a 15-20 minute soak, get out slowly and wrap yourself in a large, warm towel.

There are a number of oils that you can use to relax. These include Basil, Bergamot, Cedarwood, Chamomile, Frankincense, Hyssop, Juniper, Lavender, Marjoram, Melissa, Rose, Sage and Sandalwood. Although these oils have a predominantly calming effect some can also be used to stimulate the circulation and lymphatic system, in particular Lavender and Bergamot oils.

The stimulating bath

Start your day with panache or get charged up for an evening out with a bath that is stimulating. Keep the water fairly cool and use a bath sponge to rub down and stimulate the circulation. When you've soaked, rinse yourself with water as cold as you can bear, either by splashing directly from the tap, or shower, or by adding more cold water to further cool down your bath. Get your blood pumping by either slapping yourself dry or rubbing yourself vigorously with a towel. Your skin will tingle all over, leaving you stimulated for the day or night, as the case may be.

Oils that help to stimulate are Cypress, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Geranium, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Peppermint, Pine, Rosemary or Thyme.

Whether you want to relax your senses your stir them up, there's no better than way an aromatic bath. It'll cool you down and reinvigorate your mind, body and soul.

Shiatsu Massage: Stay Stress Free

2008-08-26T14:42:00.000-07:00

Want to go in for a massage? Try Shiatsu.

What is shiatsu?

Shiatsu is a traditional oriental therapy that had its origin in China, traveled to Japan and then finally to the West. The word 'shiatsu' is of Japanese origin and is made up of two words "SHI" meaning "FINGER" and "ATSU" which means " PRESSURE".

The basic concept of this massage is to encourage a positive outlook to life. According to Shiatsu, the working of our body is guided by a 'vital force' which is energy or 'Qi'. Thus in this massage, the fingers are used to apply pressure on various parts of the body to cure many diseases and ailments. Sometimes even the thumb, palm, elbow, knees and feet are used. Walking barefoot on the patient's body too is not an unknown thing!

This technique is very similar to acupuncture however in acupuncture needles are used but in shiatsu it is the parts of the body that are used to apply pressure. Pressure is applied on the acupuncture points link to 915 as well as on general areas. Shiatsu is a much wider concept that includes stretching, joint rotation and manipulation and also very light holding techniques for spiritual healing. It thus helps create flexibility and restores balance in the body.

It can help

Shiatsu not only helps us get over specific ailments but also maintains overall health. It is known to be very effective in rectifying problems such as:

Insomnia
Back pain
Headache
Constipation
Skin irritation
Circulatory problems
Multiple sclerosis
Arthritis
Menstrual problems
Respiratory problems
Reproductive problems
Emotional problems
Nervous system ailments
Anxiety
Stress
Posture problems
Behavior imbalances

The treatment

'Touch' is an integral part of shiatsu. It is the way in which the practitioner can communicate his love and compassion, in other words positive energy, to the patient so that the body balance can be restored.

The treatment takes nearly an hour or more each time and 3 or 4 sessions are spaced out in a time period of 4 to 6 weeks. However it is also guided by the nature of the problem.

The two basic techniques are:

Stimulating, and
Sedating
Pressure is applied for may be 2-3 minutes to a particular area. Sometimes the practitioner will apply pressure in different forms like rotating some part of the body, stretching some limb or simply holding. The end of the session will result in a relaxed and at times a sleepy person. So go ahead and take some rest.

After effects and cautions

Shiatsu is generally a very safe treatment that can even be practiced on children, pregnant women and the elderly. However, sometimes you may experience some after-effects like:

Cough and cold
Tiredness
Emotional ups and downs
Headache or some aches and pains

This is a sign that the treatment has had an effect. In fact, what it means is that the body is getting rid of unwanted foods, stress and tensions.

Keep these cautions in mind:

It should not be practiced or taken if there is high fever
It should not be practiced or taken if there is some infection
It should not be practiced or taken if there is a cut, bruise or inflammation of any sort.
Never take or give shiatsu after a large meal.
Always wear comfortable and loose fitting clothes.
No pressure at any time should be applied to the varicose veins.
The room in which it is practiced should always be quiet, warm and clean.

Try this oriental therapy and stay relaxed and stress free.

Yoga: The Shoulder Stand and the Plough

2008-08-26T14:40:00.000-07:00

The Shoulder Stand or the Sarvangasana invigorates and rejuvenates your whole body. This asana gives almost the same benefits as the Head Stand, but with a difference. Inverting the body at right angles to the head stretches the neck and upper spine and, most importantly, stimulates the thyroid and parathyroid glands by pressing your chin into the base of your throat.

This pose encourages deep abdominal breathing because it limits the use of the top of your lungs. Initially this may feel a little constricting, but you will soon adapt as you relax into the pose. The Plough follows on from the Shoulder Stand, and gives similar benefits. The cycle ends with the Bridge, which counters the two previous poses. All three improve the flexibility of your spine. However, before beginning the Shoulder Stand, make sure that there is enough room behind you.

Steps for how to do the Shoulder Stand:

Lie flat on your back, with your feet together. Lay your hands flat on the floor next to your sides. Inhale while bringing your legs up to a right angle.
Tuck your hands under your buttocks, with your fingers pointing toward your spine. Then, as you exhale, gently raise your body by letting your hands walk down your back and push you into position. Your elbows are bent and flat on the floor. Your legs are straight but relaxed.

Continue to move your hands up your back until you rest on your shoulders. Feel your body lift from the base of your neck. Press your chin into your neck. Breathe normally, and keep your legs straight. Hold for 30 seconds; as the pose becomes easier, increase the time to 3 minutes.

To come down, drop your feet halfway to the floor behind your head. Put your hands on the floor. Breathe normally until your whole spine is resting on the floor and your legs are at right angles to it, then exhale as you slowly lower your legs, keeping the knees straight.

The Plough: In the Plough, your body is bent forward. This stretches your entire spine, particularly your cervical vertebrae and shoulders.

Come up into a Shoulder Stand, and inhale deeply. Exhale while lowering your feet to the floor behind your head.

Rest your toes on the floor, then lay your arms down flat. Hold for 30 seconds at first, but aim to build up to 2 minutes. If you cannot lower your feet all the way, keep your hands on your back for support. To come out, lift your feet off the floor, and slowly roll down. Relax in the Corpse Pose.

You may try this variation if you are supple enough. Once in the Plough, lower your knees to the floor by your ears. Hook your arms over your legs. To come out, straighten your knees, then roll down.

Yoga: What are Leg Raises?

2008-08-26T14:38:00.000-07:00

Practising the leg raises will develop your physical strength and make it easier for you to perform asanas correctly. Leg Raises will also strengthen your abdominal and lower back muscles. But remember that in order to gain the maximum benefit from these asanas, keep your back as flat as possible on the floor, and your shoulders and neck relaxed. If you cannot lift your legs all the way up raise them only as high as you can manage.

Single Leg Raising

Lie on your back and put your feet together. Push your back into the ground to keep your spine straight, then inhale as you lift one leg as high as possible. Begin by raising your legs individually. Lift each leg at least three times. Keep your foot straight as you raise your leg. Lay your hands next to your body with the palms down. Try to synchronise your movements with your breathing. To finish, exhale as you lower the leg.
Inhale, raising one leg. Use both hands to grasp your leg, and stretch it toward your head. Lift your head to your leg. Raise your chin to your shin and hold for 10 seconds. Exhale as you lower your head and your leg. Repeat three times for each leg.

Single Wind Relieving

This asana, known as Vatayanasana , gently massages the digestive system and gives relief from excess wind in the stomach and intestines. It also tones and stretches the lower back.

As you inhale, bend one knee up to your chest, and hold it with both hands. Raise your head up to your knee.
Hold the pose for about 10 seconds. Exhale as you release your leg, straighten it, and lower it. Repeat the pose with your other leg.

While practising Vatayanasana , resist the tendency to raise the lower back or buttocks off the ground. Try to keep the leg that is on the floor as straight as possible.

Double Leg Raising

This is a difficult asana especially if your abdominal muscles are not fully developed. Make sure that the lower back and buttocks are on the floor. Keep your feet an inch or so off the floor between raises to make your muscles work harder.

Lie flat on the floor with your feet together and your hands flat on the floor next to your body. Push your back down, breathe in, and raise both legs, keeping your knees straight. Once you can perform double leg raising without strain, lower your legs as slowly as possible.
Exhale as you lower your legs. Start with 5 raises, and build up to 10.

Here are a few points to remember:

If you cannot manage this exercise with your back flat, just do the single leg raises until your back becomes stronger.
Ensure that your lower back remains flat on the floor while you bring the legs down, to avoid injuring to the spine.
At first, you may not be able to raise your legs right up. You can bend your knees slightly while raising the legs, straightening them once they are up. Pressing down with your palms will help you to lift the legs.
If you have a particular weakness in your lower back or abdominal muscles, try interlocking your fingers and placing them on your abdomen to create an extra set of "muscles". Press the fingers down each time you need to contract the abdominal muscles.

Double Wind Relieving

Like the single leg version, this exercise also massages the abdominal organs and helps to release any gases from the intestines. Rocking gets rid of any stiffness in the spine by gently massaging the spinal vertebrae, back muscles and surrounding ligaments.

Inhaling, bend your knees, wrap your hands around them and press them to your chest. Exhaling, release the legs. Keep your head and shoulders down and push your lower back against the floor.
Inhaling, bring your knees in to your chest, as before, then raise the chin to the knees. Now rock gently backward and forward and from side to side. Try to maintain a steady and controlled rhythm. Exhaling, release the legs.

Seven Steps Of Transcendental Meditation

2008-08-26T14:36:00.000-07:00

Transcendental Meditation (TM) is both easy to learn and practise. Over 4 million people all over the world, of all ages, profession, education and religion have learnt TM and enjoyed its benefits. However, unlike other meditation techniques, TM cannot be learnt from a book or tape. You need to learn it from a teacher. Personal instruction from a qualified TM teacher ensures that you learn the technique properly and draw the maximum benefits of the technique.

The TM programme is taught through a seven-step instruction course offered at the various Maharishi Vedic Universities and schools throughout the world. The course includes two lectures that provide the intellectual understanding to start the technique and four consecutive days of actual instructions for 2 hours daily. Take a look at the course structure:

Step 1: An Introductory Lecture
The first step is a public lecture that provides an introduction to the TM programme and presents a vision of possibilities from practising the technique. The lecture is about 90 minutes and includes the description, the benefits and how to begin the technique which outlines the seven-step course of instruction to learn TM.

Step 2: Preparatory Lecture
The second step is also a public lecture, which provides an explanation of the mechanics of the Transcendental Meditation technique. It lasts for about 90 minutes and includes a discussion of:

How TM works
How TM is easy to learn and effortless to practice
How TM is unique and different from all other techniques of meditation or self-development, and
The origin of TM

You also have the opportunity to ask any questions that you may have and can even seek an appointment for personal instruction. The interview takes about 15 minutes.

Step 3: A Personal Interview.
This is with a trained instructor.

Step 4: Personal Instruction in TM.
This is the actual instruction in the technique of TM, which is held on a one-to-one basis with a qualified teacher. Here you will actually learn to practice the technique. Personal instruction takes about 2 hours.

Step 5: First Day of Checking Seminar
Following the personal instruction, the fifth step begins with a 3-day series of 2-hour checking seminars. It helps you review the mechanics of the technique and to verify and validate the correctness of your practice. All those who have received personal instruction the previous day attend this seminar.

Step 6: Second Day of Checking Seminar
The sixth step is held on the second day after your personal instruction. In this session you can ask any new questions you might have, verify the correctness of your practice, and discuss the mechanics of stabilising the benefits of TM.

Step 7: Third Day of Checking Seminar
The seventh step is held on the third day after your personal instruction. Its purpose is to answer any new questions you might have, verify the correctness of your practice and gain a vision of the goal of the TM programme: the development of full human potential in higher states of consciousness. The complete follow-up programme is also outlined.

Following these seven steps of TM instruction, there is a complete, optional lifetime follow-up programme that is available for every TM practitioner. The programme includes regular personal checking, advanced lectures and special seminars to ensure your complete understanding of the benefits. The seven steps, plus the follow-up programme, are offered through Maharishi Vedic Universities and Schools located throughout the world.

Transcendental Meditation Benefits

2008-08-26T14:34:00.000-07:00

Regular practice of Transcendental Meditation (TM) can treat your stress-related problems such as high blood pressure, improve your mental capabilities and help you improve your relationships. Overall, TM will make you a relaxed, happier and contented person. Let's see how this happens:

Improves intelligence, creativity & memory: Research has shown that the experience of pure consciousness during TM twice a day makes the mind more alert, creative, and intelligent throughout the day.
Provides complete rest: TM provides the mind and body with a unique and profound state of restful alertness. The body gains an extraordinarily deep state of rest while the mind settles down to a state of inner calm and wakefulness.
Improves health: Since both the mind and the body are rejuvenated, it leads to improved health and provides the basis for a more dynamic, productive, and satisfying life.

Is there any scientific proof of TM's benefits?

Over 500 scientific studies have been conducted on the physiological, psychological, and sociological effects of Mahesh Yogi's TM programme. These studies have been carried out at 210 different universities and research institutions in more than 30 countries. Results of these studies have appeared in more than 100 journals, including major scientific journals such as Science , the American Journal of Physiology, Scientific American, and the Lancet. The studies have shown that a regular practice of TM is highly beneficial and leads to:

Reduced stress: The deep rest that the mind and body get in TM eliminates mental and physical stress and fatigue.
Increased intelligence: The mind returns to its natural state of alertness and thus increases the person. s intelligence level.
Increased creativity: TM meditators become more creative than others because the mind is in a refreshed and relaxed state.
Improved memory: The mind. s state of alertness increases its capacity to memorise things.
Improved health: Incidence of illness and risk of heart disease is reduced significantly among TM meditators.
Reduced high blood pressure: Free from stress and anxiety, they have less chance of suffering from high blood pressure.
Improved relationships: TM meditators spontaneously radiate a purifying and nourishing influence of positivity and harmony, which improves their relationship with others in society.
Increased energy: With better health and mental state, TM practitioners are always full of energy.
Reduced insomnia: Being relieved of stress and anxiety, followers of TM experience a better and healthier sleep pattern.
Reversal of biological ageing: Those practising TM, on an average, are biologically 5 to 12 years younger.
Increased happiness: Meditators have warmer interpersonal relationships, less anxiety, increased self-esteem and self-confidence, increased problem-solving ability and greater creativity, all of which together bring more happiness in their life.

TM has helped many Japanese companies: More than 10,000 business people in Japan have learnt the TM technique. After the TM programme was conducted at Japan's Sumitomo Heavy Industries, the employees showed a marked difference.

Isn't it time your company enrolled for a TM programme?

Yoga: Surya Namaskar

2008-08-25T11:20:00.000-07:00

The Surya Namaskar , or the Sun Salutation is a sequence of 12 positions performed as one continuous exercise and done at the start of every asana. This prepares your body for the other asanas. Each position counteracts the one before, stretching the body in a different way and alternately expanding and contracting the chest to regulate the breathing. Practised daily it will bring great flexibility to your spine and joints and trim your waist.

Position One: Stand straight. Bring your feet together and hold your arms by your sides. Take a deep breath and begin the Surya Namaskar. Exhale as you put your palms together at chest level. This first stance, called the Prayer Pose, centres your body. Make sure your weight is evenly distributed.

Position Two: Next, inhale as you stretch your arms up and arch back from the waist, pushing the hips out, legs straight. Keep your elbows straight, and align your arms with your ears. Keep your knees straight, but do not lock them. Relax your neck.

Position Three: Exhale as you stretch forward and down into the third position. Place your hands on the ground so that your fingers and toes form a straight line. Bend your knees if necessary, but keep your hips held high.

Position Four: Inhaling, bring the left (or right) leg back and place the knee on the floor. Arch back and look up, lifting your chin.

Position Five: Retaining the breath, bring the other leg back and support your weight on hands and toes. Keep your head and body in line and look at the floor between your hands.

Position Six: Exhaling, lower your knees, then your chest and then your forehead, keeping your hips up and your toes curled under.

Position Seven: Inhaling, lower your hips, point your toes and bend back. Keep legs together and shoulders down. Look up and back.

Position Eight: Exhaling, curl your toes under, raise your hips and pivot into an inverted "V" shape. Try to push your heels and head down and keep your shoulders back.

Position Nine: Inhaling, step forwards and place the left (or right) foot between your hands. Rest the other knee on the floor and look up.

Position Ten: Exhaling bring the other leg forward and bend down from the waist keeping your palm as in position three.

Position Eleven: Inhaling, stretch you arms forward, then up and back over your head and bend back slowly from the waist, as in position two.

Position Twelve: Exhaling, gently come back to an upright position and bring your arms down by your sides.

Benefits of Surya Namaskar

The complete round of 12 positions is highly beneficial to all the systems of the body, especially the endocrine, circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems.

Ventilates and tones up your lungs and glands, oxygenates the blood; cures asthma, diabetes, kidney ailments, and bronchitis, and normalises the menstrual cycle.

Removes hypertension, palpitation and tones up the nervous system by stretching and bending the spinal column.

Improves memory and stimulates the activity of the endocrine glands, particularly thyroid.

Refreshes the skin by evacuating toxic products through the skin.

Tones up and strengthens the muscle structure of the whole body in general and that of the neck, shoulders, arms, wrist, back, thighs, calves, ankles and abdominal region, in particular. It removes excessive flesh from the hip and the abdominal region.

Increases resistance to disease and restores your vigour and vitality.
Thus the Surya Namaskar is a very important asana and a must for all.

Yoga: Can I Do the Asanas in Any Order I Like

2008-08-25T11:18:00.000-07:00

Everything in life has an order. So is the case with yoga. Each asana augments or counterbalances the one before. Whether you are just starting yoga or are at an advanced stage, regard the sequence as a pattern on which to build.

Now let's take a look at the elements that make up the sequence.

Begin with Shavasana : Your session should begin with two or three minutes of relaxation in Shavasana (Corpse Pose). You should use this time to relax, breathing deeply and focusing your mind on your breath. Be sure to relax in this pose after every asana until your breathing and heartbeat have returned to normal.

Easy Pose: Next you sit up in the Easy Pose for pranayama, or the breathing exercises, which will recharge you with energy. It is a simple cross-legged position, often adopted naturally when sitting on the floor. In yoga, it is one of the basic positions used during meditation, breathing, and warm-ups. Sit upright and keep your spine straight so that it gives your body firm support. Place your hands so that they rest on your knees.

Neck and shoulder exercises: Remaining in the Easy Pose, relieve any stiffness in the upper body by practising neck and shoulder exercises. Also do eye exercises to strengthen these underused muscles.

Lion Pose: Now change to a kneeling position for the Lion Pose, which releases tension from the neck and throat.

Surya Namaskar : To perform the Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation) you rise to your feet. The bending and stretching movements of this sequence of 12 asanas warm up and tone the whole body, bringing flexibility to the spine and making the subsequent asanas easy to accomplish.

Leg Raises : Now lie down to practise a series of Leg Raises. These strengthen the muscles of the abdomen and lower back, and so prepare the body for the next asana, the Head Stand.

The Head Stand : In the Head Stand, one of the most important asanas, only the head and forearms make contact with the floor and the body is completely inverted. Holding this position brings tremendous benefits.

Shoulder Stand and the Plough: Next comes a series of three postures . the Shoulder Stand and Bridge . all of them performed from the same neck and shoulder position. As a beginner you will need to relax in the Corpse Pose between these three asanas.

The Fish: The Fish acts as a counterpose to the previous three asanas, compressing instead of stretching the neck and upper spine, and relieving local stiffness.

The Forward Bend : Next comes the Forward Bend. This augments the Plough pose, but here it is the base rather than the top of the spine that receives the greatest stretch.

The Cobra, Locust and Bow: This series of three asanas bring flexibility to the whole back.

Half Spinal Twist: Having bent the body forward and backward, you now sit up for the Half Spinal Twist, which rotates the body to each side in turn, twisting the spine literally.

Lotus: Still sitting, you come to one of the most renowned meditative poses, the Lotus. In this asana, the head, neck and spine remain in a straight line while the legs are locked together to form a steady base, ideal for meditation.

Crow: Next comes the Crow . a good exercise for balance and for concentration in which only the hands remain on the floor, supporting the whole weight of the body.

Hands to Feet Pose and Triangle: The asanas end with two standing positions . the Hands to Feet Pose, which bends the body forward, inverting the torso; and finally the Triangle, which stretches the spine to each side in turn.

Final Relaxation /Corpse Pose: Every session ends with Final Relaxation. Lying down in the Corpse Pose for at least 10 minutes, you relax each part of the body in turn. It is vital that you integrate this relaxation time into your asana session right from the start. Otherwise the mind may find an excuse to leave it out and you will not absorb the full effects of the asanas.

Yoga: The Head Stand

2008-08-25T11:16:00.000-07:00

This is the king of asanas The Head Stand or Shirshasana is considered to be one of the most beneficial postures for both your mind and body. Chances are that sitting and standing for most of the day causes your circulation to become sluggish and your heart to work harder to pump sufficient blood. Normally, your heart works against gravity. Reversing the normal effects of gravity, the Head Stand rests the heart, aids your circulation, and relieves pressure on the lower back.

Practiced regularly, it will help prevent back problems and improve memory, concentration, and the sensory faculties. Inverting the body also makes you breathe deeply, bringing a fresh supply of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. If at first, you experience any slight breathing difficulty it will pass. Mastering the Head Stand requires no great strength. It is largely a matter of conquering your fears and believing you can do it. The key to balance is the tripod formed by elbows and hands make sure your elbows don't shift out of position. Here's how to do it:

Arms & hands: Kneel down and rest your weight on your forearms. Wrap around your hands around your elbows. Release your hands and place them in front of you, with finger interlocked. Your elbows now stay in this position.

Head down: Place the back of your head in your clasped hands and the top of your head on the floor. The hands and elbows form a tripod, making a firm foundation for the inverted body. Lower your head so that the top of your skull touches the ground and the back of it is cradled in your hands. Do not make any abrupt movements. Take the next step slowly.

On your toes: From the crouched position, straighten your knees and push your hips up above your head. Then, keeping your legs straight, stretch up high on your toes. Keep your back straight and your hips directly over your head. Walk your toes in toward your head. Do not drop your hips or bend your knees.

Half Head Stand: Now bend your knees, bringing them to your chest. Arch your back slightly, as you do when standing up; this will enable you to balance your body in this position. Do not proceed unless you can hold this position for at least 30 seconds without feeling any discomfort.

Knees up: With your knees still bent, start to straighten your hips. Slowly and carefully, raise your knees until they are pointing straight up toward the ceiling. Your heels remain tucked in close to your buttocks. Do not arch your back too much. It should keep the natural curve that it has when you stand upright.

All the way: Straighten your knees and lift your feet up toward the ceiling. Stretch your feet up, keeping them flat and parallel to the ceiling. Keep your knees straight, and do not allow your legs to drop back. Tighten your abdominal muscles. This maintains correct posture. Support your weight by bracing your elbows against the ground. At first, hold the Head Stand for 30 seconds; as you become more skilled at adopting this pose, gradually increase the time to 3 minutes. Always come down before you start to feel tired. Leave the pose slowly and under control. Rest the back of your head against your hands. Relax, breathing through your nose.

Coming out: You should leave this asana as carefully as you entered it. Do not move jerkily or quickly, or you may lose control and fall. Bend your knees and lower them. Straighten your legs. Bring your feet to the ground, and then lower your knees. Lower your body so that your buttocks rest on your heels as in the Child's Pose. Finally, relax your hands and return to the full Child's Pose. Do not lift your head up straight away. Rest for at least a minute. Relax in the Corpse Pose before continuing.

However, to begin with you may wish to undertake the half head stand, progressing to the full Head Stand later.

How Can I Train in Reiki

2008-08-25T11:14:00.000-07:00

Reiki has been divided into three stages or degrees. This helps the student to properly harmonize the empowerments or attunements (healing is passed through a series of mystic initiations). The student gains adequate experience and understanding of Reiki at each level before moving on to the next degree. The first and second degree are at the practitioner level. They cover every aspect you need to learn to become proficient in applying this ancient healing art. You need not boost yourself any further to empower yourself spiritually.

The First Degree aligns the student to the Reiki frequency through four attunements, which are normally given over a four-day period, They can also be given in a brief manner over two days. You will need two full days or four full evenings for taking the First Degree class, in which you will learn the hand positions and complete enough treatments to gain confidence. It will help you to experience a direct link with the Universal Life Force Energy so that you can channelize the energy to yourself and others. First Degree treatments should be practiced for at least three months before learning the Second Degree.

The Second Degree can be taught in 4 or 5 hours, but it is beneficial to take more time to increase the learner’s potential. At this level, treatments can be shared with others from a distance, but it is advisable to focus on healing personal wounds from the past. As old past hurts are healed, a new self-confidence emerges which helps to release protective ego-related patterns. At this level, your awareness is amplified to help you focus your attention so that you are able to address the root cause of disease. It is wise to practice the First Degree for a minimum period of three months. It will be better if you wait as long as six months and practice it consistently every day. After the First Degree, it takes the body 21 days just to assimilate the four attunements. In rare circumstances, the Second Degree can be given after 21 days, but it usually is not in the student’s best interest. In fact, those who wait a few years before learning the Second Degree tend to achieve more because of their expertise.

The Third Degree is only for people who want to teach Reiki. It is taught on an individual basis and only if you have a strong desire to become a Reiki teacher. At this level you learn one more symbol and receive the Third Degree attunement. You also learn how to convey the First and Second Degree attunements and how to properly organize and teach Reiki classes. Third Degree attunement takes about a year to complete and it empowers you to convey the attunements to others. It is taught only after a student has completed a minimum of three years of self-treatment along with hundreds of treatments on others, ideally in a clinical practice. The master-student relationship at the Third Degree level is a lifetime commitment for both parties. So this training should only be considered after a teacher and student have known each other by working together for at least one year. Then the teacher can act as a proper mirror for the student, because a bond of trust has been well- established.

Does Third Degree increase my power?

Much like the Second Degree, the Third Degree is more about fine tuning your life force energy and not about increasing your power. While the First and Second Degree empower you by putting you in direct touch with the Universal Life Force Energy, which you've always had, the Third Degree is about dropping your desire and need for power. If the Second Degree is used to its greatest advantage for several years, its benefits will be sufficient and empowerment through the Third Degree will not be important.

Aromatherapy Massage for Good Health

2008-08-25T11:11:00.000-07:00

Take a minute to answer this question. Which is the quickest way to relax your tired mind and boost your sagging spirits? If your answer is a massage, then you are dead on target. Undoubtedly, a massage can be a highly soothing and stimulating activity to rejuvenate you. But no ordinary massage will do the trick entirely. What you need is a therapeutic, long and luxuriant aromatherapy massage.

The Massage

An aromatherapy massage using essential oils is a therapeutic treatment for both the mind and body that works mainly on the nervous system. More effective than any other massage, aromatherapy can either relax or stimulate the body and mind. The highly potent essential oils penetrate the body via the skin and are also inhaled as the massage progresses. For the massage, you need to dilute 1 or 2 drops of essential oil in a base oil (coconut, sweet almond and jojoba) of your choice and then gently massage it all over your body. If you have a dry skin, add some avocado or wheatgerm oil to the base oil. Find a friend or your partner and get started on the magic of aromatherapy.

Setting up

Any massage is relaxing but you can enhance the experience by following a few simple steps to help create the right mood. An aromatherapist uses a massage bench, but at home you can work comfortably on a cushioned floor. Prepare the floor or surface with a large cotton sheet covered with a bath towel. You should keep a pillow, a large wraparound towel for the body and a warm blanket by the feet.

Getting your partner ready

Creating the right ambiance is a must before you start the actual massage. You could fragrance the room with incense or spray a whiff of perfume and switch on some soothing background music. Keep the room temperature warm, draw the curtains and dim the lights. It is important that you keep outside noises such as traffic, telephone or even children screaming, at bay. Make sure that your partner is comfortable, so cover parts that are not being worked on if you think your partner may be getting cold. A top to toe aromatherapy massage takes close to an hour so make sure that you are undisturbed for that period.

Tips to give the massage

If performed correctly, a massage can work wonders. Apart from your hands and fingers, your whole being must be totally involved in the process of giving a massage. You also need to remember the following tips:

Try out the movements on parts of your own body to get a sense of how the strokes should feel and how much pressure to use.

Massage movements should be slow and gentle to help relaxation and eliminate tension that tightens the muscles.

Remember that the movements should flow into each other. If you find you have missed out a step or gone on to the wrong part of the body, don't panic. Finish the part you are working on before going back to it, or leave it out altogether, rather than interrupt the flow of the massage.

When you give the massage, make sure you are relaxed and comfortable, or you will transmit your own tensions to your partner and it will not be an effective massage.
Try to maintain contact with your partner's body as much as possible even as you move into a different position.

When massaging different parts of the body keep the areas not being worked on covered with a large towel or blanket. The heat helps the body to absorb the oils.
If the recipient's back is stressed in any way, place a pillow under the knees when lying on the back, and under the pelvis when lying on the stomach.
Wear loose comfortable clothing to give the massage, so your movements are not hampered.

For complete relaxation, avoid chatting during the massage. But do encourage feedback from your partner - you must be told if something doesn't feel good.
Tips to receive the massage
Your masseur may be perfect, but if you are not prepared to receive the massage, then the massage will lose its efficacy. Here's how to make the most of your massage:

Before the massage:

Have a cool shower or wash before a massage. Do not soak in a hot bath or the oils will immediately seep into the skin.
Don't use an underarm deodorant or body spray during the treatment, as this will block the effect of the oils.
Don't have a large meal just before an aromatherapy massage as your system will be too busy digesting to be thoroughly relaxed.
Don't drink alcohol before a treatment.
Don't have a massage if you have flu or a fever or any serious ailment.

After the Massage:

Drink a glass of water immediately after a treatment.
Lie still for at least 5 minutes before getting up.
Don't bathe or shower for at least 12 hours after a treatment, to allow the oils to be absorbed by the skin and begin the all-important work of detoxifying the body.
Drink plenty of water for the rest of the day as the kidneys will he active in eliminating the toxins.
Avoid alcohol for at least 12 hours after the treatment to give the body a chance to detoxify thoroughly.
An aromatherapy massage, especially done with your partner, will leave you feeling relaxed and stimulated at the same time. It will relieve you of your stress and fatigue and give you a new lease of life. What's more, it has no side effects, is natural, safe and the perfect prescription for good health.

What are the Benefits of Reiki

2008-08-25T11:09:00.000-07:00

Practicing Reiki has a number of benefits. These are:

Deep relaxation : It relaxes your mind and body.

Dissolves tension : Once you are in a relaxed state of mind, tension (or blockages) on the physical and mental-emotional planes are dissolved.

Detoxifies: When the tension is released, flow of life energy becomes normal in all areas and waste products and toxins are quickly removed from your body.

Supplies universal life force energy : Once the body has been thoroughly detoxified it can receive, store and use more life energy, improving the functions of vital organs.

Increases the body frequency : When the body is vibrant with life energy, its frequency goes up and through it you come in contact with the Universal Spirit. This brings with it the realization that the universe is there to support you and brings with it a feeling of security, leading to a state of deep relaxation in which you can reach higher levels of experience.

Can Reiki cure chronic problems?

Yes, it can. People with chronic ailments feel immediate relief from pain even after one treatment. The feeling only improves with further treatments. Sometimes, though, you may experience a healing crisis during an extended course of treatment. Your symptoms may be amplified. But you should not worry because it is a sign that Reiki is releasing the remaining part of the disease by detoxifying your body. At this stage you should go in for extra treatments to speed up the process.

Can it cure acute problems too?

No. In fact, acute problems often produce more intense symptoms in the initial healing phase. This happens because Reiki sends powerful healing energy, that is the Universal Life Force Energy, that will often be experienced as an irritation rather than a comfort. But there is nothing to worry. As in the case of chronic problems, here also, you should realize that it is actually a good sign. You will feel a stronger sensation because a lot of healing energy is being drawn. The pain will usually subside within two to three days. It is important that you explain this fact to the person you are treating beforehand so that he/she is psychologically prepared for the initial pain.

What are the limitations of Reiki?

Recipient's lack of receptiveness: If a person consciously or unconsciously (which is mostly the case) does not want any contact with the Universal Life Force Energy, he or she cannot draw the Reiki energy through hands. It may arise from feelings of guilt or the belief of being too evil or too sinful. If you believe you deserve your illness, you won't come near anything that could heal you.

Channel could be limited initially: The person doing Reiki may not be strong enough in the beginning to convey the energy to the recipient. However, the channel gets stronger with time and practice.

Need regular sessions for a longer period : The contact with the Universal Life Force Energy needs to be maintained for the healing process to continue. So regular sessions of treatment become necessary.

Cannot give distance treatment: Since Reiki is based on the basic process of giving flow of energy through the hands, it is difficult to be performed from a distance.

Cannot treat serious illnesses: In case of life-threatening diseases or an emergency, the priority should be to delay death until the patient realizes his or her own divine spark. Conventional medical treatment can achieve this task. Once the person's life is saved, Reiki can help remove his or her guilt complexes that may have distanced the person from any healing possibilities so far.

In case of self-treatment, Reiki can help you only to a certain extent. You need to practice Reiki with a positive attitude and with an experienced teacher to be able to heal yourself. If you are facing serious problems with yourself or others, you should consult an experienced therapist. The same applies to physical disorders too. If you are seriously ill, it is best to consult a good doctor. If you try to cure yourself without knowing all possible variables you can cause greater harm than good.

Self Massage: Power Of Healing In Your Own Hands

2008-08-25T11:06:00.000-07:00

You can massage any specific area that you feel is tense, such as the scalp, the back of the neck, temples, shoulders, hands, lower back, calves and feet. Self-massage is particularly helpful in relieving aches and pains accumulated during the day, such as headache or tired feet. It is better if you can work directly on the skin but it not necessary. Massaging while having a bath or watching television is ideal.

Here’s how you can massage different parts of your body:

1. Face massage:

Sit comfortably on a chair, preferably which has a back rest.
Hold your palms over your eyes for a few seconds.
Now move your hands up to your forehead and stroke firmly with your fingertips from the center outward.
Repeat this several times.
Place one or two fingertips on your temples and gently rub or use circular pressing movements.
After a few seconds on each spot, move your fingertips up or down or behind a little.
Repeat the movements.

2. Scalp and neck:

Spread out your fingertips over the scalp.
Press firmly and try to move your scalp.
Now place the middle three fingers of each hand on either side of the spine, starting just below the head, and firmly stroke outwards for a few seconds.
Move your fingertips lower down and repeat the movements until you have covered your entire neck.

3. Back:

Place your hand on either side of the lower back with the fingers first pointing downward and make deep stroking outward movements several times.
Repeat the process after moving your hands gradually upwards.
Use kneading movements and squeeze a small portion of areas of the right palm and wrist using squeezing movements.
Knead your fingers and thumb up or down.
Now turn the hand palm downwards and rub the knuckles and all the areas of your hand.
Repeat the movements as you move a little further up each time, thus covering the entire arm.
Repeat on the other side.

4. Legs and thighs:

Sit on the floor and bend your right knee with your foot resting firmly on the ground.
Start low down on the calf and work gradually upwards as far as you can go on the back of the thigh.
Stroke deeply upwards and downward with both hands.
Rub with the thumbs or fingertips to relieve localized tension.
Rub by moving the fingers and the thumb in the opposite direction.
Repeat on the other side.

5. Feet:

Rest your right ankle over your left knee.
Hold the foot in one hand and with the thumb of the other hand rub the entire sole, moving the thumb little by little after three to four seconds of rubbing over each spot.
In addition, give deep strokes with the heel of your right hand while supporting the foot in your left hand.
Grasp each toe between the thumb and the index finger.
Pull it outwards and stretch the muscles and tendons. Repeat on the other foot.
For the purpose of reducing stress, the most useful part of the body to concentrate on is the neck, shoulders and forehead.

6. Forehead:

Sit in a relaxed position.
Place the fingertips of your right hand on your right eyebrow.
Using good pressure, slowly slide your fingertips outward along each eyebrow until you reach the temple.
Using small circular movements, massage this area.
Bring fingertips back together and repeat the process, working your way up the forehead until you reach the hairline.
Finally spend a few minutes with your hands cupped over your eyes, with fingers resting on your overhead.

7. Neck & shoulders:

Sit in a relaxed position.
Place your right hand on your left shoulder.
Using a kneading action, massage your tense and knotty muscles in the neck and shoulder area.
Repeat several times.
Change arms and repeat on the other shoulder.
Again, using opposite hands and shoulders, place your right hand on the top of your left shoulder and make small circular movements with your fingertips on the back of your shoulder working outwards from the spine to the top of your arm.
Repeat several times and then change arms and repeat on the other shoulder.

Try any of these massages and rediscover that the power of healing lies in your own hands.

Aromatherapy: Getting started

2008-08-22T09:55:00.000-07:00

When was the last time you pampered yourself? Or have you forgotten what it means to be pampered? You are so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life, that you don't even have five minutes for yourself. There's no time to sit and relax, watch a movie, listen to some music or read that book which has been catching dust lying on your shelf since ages. Do you also suffer from aches and pains, get tired easily and tend to lose your temper at the slightest pretext. Well, believe it or not but you are stressed out. There's no point denying it or ignoring the fact. If left untreated, stress can affect your health and can lead to serious ailments. Conquering stress means learning how to cope and have a balanced outlook to life. There's nothing better than aromatherapy to help you do this. Besides, it's safe, natural and easy-to-do.

What is aromatherapy?

This ancient science, dating back to a few thousand years, relies on the power of your senses - your sense of smell and touch. Think what happens when you inhale the heady scent of perfume or breathe in the fragrance of the first raindrops or smell the wonderful aroma of a freshly baked cake. Don't you feel happy and relaxed? Your spirits and mood are buoyant and relaxed. That's exactly what aromatherapy does. By drawing on the calming, relaxing and restorative powers of particular essential oils that are distilled from plants, flowers, herbs, spices, woods and fibres, aromatherapy helps to de-stress you. Moreover, it is a natural and powerful alternative to tranquilizers, anti-depressants and other drugs. The therapeutic properties of the oils work to relax the nervous system and give it the stimulation that it needs to recharge itself, leaving you refreshed in the process.

In fact, many societies have recognized the limitations of modern medicine and have acknowledged aromatherapy as a natural and holistic system that tries to heal and balance the individual as a whole. There is an interesting story about how aromatherapy was discovered. In 1928, French chemist Rene Maurice Gattefosse accidentally put his badly burnt hand in a container of Lavender oil. Surprisingly he found that the pain and redness disappeared and the burn healed within a few hours. Thus it was pure serendipity that led to the discovery of aromatherapy.

What are essential oils?

The science of aromas makes use of essential oils such as Lavender, Rosemary, Peppermint and Basil. These are concentrated essences, much lighter than water and highly flammable, extracted from plant sources - petals, leaves, seeds, bark, stalks, flower heads, and gums and resins from trees. In addition, they can penetrate the skin easily and send messages straight to the brain, thus enhancing your physical and psychological well being at the same time.

Benefits of Aromatherapy

Developed as an alternative natural therapy to many physical and emotional ailments, aromatherapy is highly beneficial. It helps to:
Relax and sleep, especially oils like Basil, Peppermint and Rosemary.
Get over depression, grief and boredom.
Fight ailments such as blood pressure, sinusitis, spondylitis, and arthritis.
Heal insect bites and cuts.
Relieve muscular and rheumatic pains.
Enhance memory.
In various beauty treatments such as acne, ageing skin, dandruff, dry skin, scar treatments.
Fight obesity

Getting started

Before you get started, you should know where to get the oils. Though aromatherapy oils are currently not available as mass products, most leading cosmetic stores and shopping malls in your city (for example, The Bombay Store in Mumbai, Ebony and Shopper's Stop in both Delhi and Mumbai), would have a wide range of these oils. There are many ways by which you can use these oils. Soak and splash in them, sensually smooth them all over or simply inhale their wonderful aromas.

1. Massage: Dilute the oil in a base oil of your choice and then massage it on to the body. Usually 1 or 2 drops of essential oil are mixed in 1 teaspoon of base oil. Some common base oils are Coconut, Sweet Almond and Jojoba. For dry skin add Avocado or Wheatgerm oil to the base oil

2. Bath: This is a very simple effective and relaxing way of using essential oils. Fill a tub with water, and then add 6-10 drops of essential oil to it. Immerse yourself in the tub for 20 minutes and inhale the perfume.

3. Steam Inhalation: Put 10 drops of oil in a bowl of hot water, cover your head and the bowl with a towel and inhale the steam deeply through your nose. Try Orange Blossom, Jasmine, or Rose for mood upliftment.

4.Compressors: Compressors are usually put on injuries, cuts, sprains, and muscle pains or for headache. Add 5 to 10 drops of oil in 100 ml of warm water. Soak some cotton in the water, squeeze off the excess water, and apply this cotton on the affected part. To soothe aching muscles try Eucalyptus, Ginger or Peppermint oil.

5.Vapourisers: This is a very common and effective way of spreading fragrance in your environment be it at home or office. Fill the reservoir with water, add a few drops of essential oil to it, and heat it from below. This will cause water to evaporate and the warm oil to release its perfume. Spread Sandalwood vapours in your house just before a party to create a soothing and happy environment.

6.Pot Pourri: You can make your own pot pourri by drying fresh flowers in the shade and then adding a few drops of oil in it. Dry some Lavender flowers, rose petals and grated lemon peel. Add a few drops of Lavender oil and rose oil to it. Put it in a sachet and keep in your cupboard so that your clothes always smell nice. To refresh old pot pourri, add a few drops of the appropriate oil or some spicy essential oil.

Essential tips

Take care that the oil that is used is pure and of good quality. Essential oils are highly concentrated so you need to use them in less measure. Did you know that it takes more than 5,000 roses to make 1 teaspoon of rose oil?
Store in dark glass bottles with stopper caps. Essential oils should not be accessible to children.
Read the label carefully as some oils get better as they age and others don't last too long.
Always use a dropper so that the exact number of drops can be measured. Use a different dropper for each oil.
Never apply directly to the skin. Essential oils should always be diluted in some base oil.
To wrap up, aromatherapy is a sensual science as it works on both your sense of smell and the power of your touch. It's just what the doctor ordered and will help you get rid of your stress, cure your headaches and leave you feeling completely refreshed and recharged. It will add that much-needed zing and sparkle to your life, excite your senses and leave you calm and in control.

Starting Meditation: Yoni Mudra, Mantras, OM

2008-08-22T09:48:00.000-07:00

There are several techniques to help you meditate. Some use the power of sound, others use visual symbols or even breathing. But all have a common aim: to focus the scattered rays of the mind on a single point, so as to lead you into a state of self-realization. Repeating a mantra or japa is a highly recommended technique. But if you are a newcomer to meditation, you may wish to make use of the other meditation techniques to discipline your mind. Some of these include:

Yoni Mudra

Yoni Mudra is an exercise in Pratyahara or withdrawal of the senses. Blocking off your ears, eyes, nose and mouth you retreat inside yourself like a tortoise drawing its legs under its shell. Only when your senses are brought under control and the mind is no longer pulled constantly outward, can you hope to concentrate.

How to do: Close your ears with your thumbs. Cover your eyes with your index fingers. Close your nostrils with your middle fingers and press your lips together with your remaining fingers. Release the middle fingers gently to inhale and exhale while you meditate.

Category Concentration: When learning to meditate, narrow your field of concentration to a category of objects. In the category concentration exercise, you can choose four flowers as objects of concentration. After concentrating on one, you can move to the next when your mind starts to wander. If you don't feel at ease concentrating on flowers, choose a different category of objects, such as fruit or trees. It is important that you restrict your mind to a group of objects and that the objects you choose are ones you can regard with detachment. Practising this exercise will hone your focus and teach you single-minded concentration. Once you can stay focused on a category of objects you are ready to concentrate on one single object.

Steady Gazing or Tratak

Tratak is an excellent concentration exercise. It involves alternately gazing at an object or point without blinking, then closing your eyes and visualising the object in your mind's eye. This steadies the wandering mind and focuses you to pinpoint your attention with accuracy. Though primarily intended to strengthen your powers of concentration and purify the mind, Tratak also improves your eyesight and stimulates the brain via the optic nerve.

Targets of Tratak: Tratak is most commonly performed with a candle but you can use other objects as targets for your gaze. You can mark a black dot on a piece of paper and attach it to the wall or use a chakra or a yantra. Yantras are geometrical diagrams that serve to focus the mind. Like a mantra, each yantra has a specific mystical meaning. Alternatively, you can try gazing at a symbol, such as OM, or at the image of a deity. In the daytime, a flower or a shell can act as a target of attention, while at night you might try fixing your gaze at the moon or a bright star. As long as your object of concentration is fixed and relatively small, focusing on it will produce the desired effect.

Frontal and nasal gazing: Yogis often use the space between their eyebrows and the tip of the nose for Tratak. Gazing between your eyebrows, or at the tip of your nose strengthens your eye muscles, besides improving your concentration. To start with, it is sufficient to gaze for one minute, gradually building it up to 10 minutes. However, if your eyes feel sore or tired, close them at once.

Mantras

Mantras are Sanskrit syllables, words or phrases which, when repeated in meditation, will bring you to a higher state of consciousness. They are sounds or energies that have always existed in the universe and can neither be created nor destroyed. There are certain qualities common to any true mantra. Repeating a mantra or japa not only provides you with a tangible point on which to focus your mind - it also releases the energy encased in that sound. The energy literally manifests itself, creating a specific thought pattern in the mind. Correct pronunciation of the mantra is therefore very important. With sincere practice, repetition of a mantra leads to pure thought where the sound vibration merges with the thought vibration. In this way the mantra will lead you to true meditation, to a state of oneness, of non-duality. It is believed that mental japa is the most effective, though at the beginning you can start by voicing the mantra, then whispering it, before turning to mental repetition. Whichever form of japa you use, it is helpful to co-ordinate the mantra with your breathing. In addition to a japa, there are three other techniques to aid your concentration:

Using a mala:You can use a string of beads repeating your mantra as you count along the beads. A mala has 108 beads plus a larger meru bead. Holding it in the right hand, start at the meru and roll the beads along one by one between your thumb and third fingers while repeating your mantra. When you reach the meru, roll the mala in the opposite direction. Don't cross over the meru bead.
Finger-line counting :You can use the thumb of your right hand as a pointer to count along the lines between your finger joints. Place your right thumb on the top line of your little finger and move it on each time you repeat the mantra -- first to the middle line, then the lowest line, then on to the lines of the fourth finger, and so on.
Writing down the mantra (Likhita Japa):You can write the mantra down at the same time as repeating it mentally. Set aside a special notebook for the purpose. Before you start, decide how many times you will repeat the mantra or for how long. The aim is not to write as quickly as possible, but to give due consideration to every single repetition. You can either use Sanskrit or the translated version to write your chosen mantra. Instead of just working from left to right, try making patterns with your mantra writing too.

OM

To a yogi, no symbol is more powerful than the syllable OM. It is described as the "eternal word: what was, what is and what shall be". In Sanskrit, the long lower curve represents the dream state, the upper curve stands for the waking state and the curve originating from the centre symbolises a deep, dreamless sleep. The crescent shape stands for "maya ", the veil of illusion and the dot for the transcendental state.

Essential Oils to Ease Those Muscular Aches and Pains

2008-08-10T13:52:00.000-07:00

Essential oils can play an important role in easing those muscular aches and pains from over-exertion in work or play. They have an almost immediate effect when used with a massage or a bath. Essential oils that can be used for their analgesic effects include chamomile, lavender, marjoram and rosemary.

Oils that are relaxing are chamomile, clary sage, jasmine and marjoram.

Use five to ten drops for a bath. Use five drops to one teaspoon of oil for massaging into the achy muscles. In the early acute stage you may find benefit in doubling the dosage of essential oil, and as the muscles improve dropping back to the recommended dosages.

Muscle spasms can be relieved with chamomile, clary sage, lavender, marjoram and rosemary. You may want to use hot compresses over the affected area to help relieve the spasms. Soak a cloth in hot water, wring it out and apply to the ailing area. Cover the hot wet cloth with a dry towel. When that begins to cool, have the next hot moist compress ready before removing the first. In acute attacks of pain, renew the hot compress every few minutes, but most hot compresses can be left on from 30 minutes to two hours. Essential oils can be applied to the skin directly in a carrier oil, or six to ten drops can be added to the compress water.

Serious injury with swelling can be treated with the RICE method, rest, ice, compression and elevation. Using essential oils with the compression stage can help the healing process.

Essential oils can also be used to prepare the muscles for exertion. They will warm the muscles, increasing blood to them and preparing them for strenuous exercise. Oils for stimulation to use before athletics or dancing are black pepper, juniper and rosemary.

Massage oil recipes for sore muscles:

These are drops per ounce of carrier oil.

Heating:

black pepper 2
juniper 3
lavender 4
rosemary 4
peppermint 3

Anti-inflammatory:

arnica 1
chamomile 4
lavender 8
marjoram 4

Good Luck!

Art Therapy Helps People Get in Touch With Feelings

2008-08-10T13:51:00.000-07:00

At Graylands Psychiatric Hospital in Perth, Australia, patients create art as part of their therapy. The patients, the families and the therapists believe this form of therapy is tremendously beneficial to helping them find stability and improve their mental health.

The therapy helps patients become happier and more content, boosts self-esteem and gives them a purpose. Counselors at the Boston Institute for Arts Therapy (BIAT) use art to help different populations access their feelings. For example, the Institute's Violence Prevention and Conflict Resolution Program has utilized art therapy with populations like pregnant teens from St. Mary's Alternative School. School coordinators feel that the program has helped the women learn constructive options to conflict resolution and to feel good about themselves and their babies.

Several art therapists in the New York metropolitan area work with patients who have breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and Leukemia. The therapists see patients in private-practice settings, hospital outpatient centers, nursing homes, hospices and other locations. They used art mediums such as collage, modeling clay, paint, pencils and watercolor.

These three scenarios are examples of ways in which art therapy is being used. Therapists are finding that both mentally ill people and those with special needs and stresses are benefiting from the increasingly popular counseling medium of art therapy.

What Is Art Therapy?

The American Art Therapy Association (AATA) defines art therapy as, "a human service profession that utilizes art media, images, the creative art process and patient/client responses to the created products as reflections of an individual's development, abilities, personality, interests, concerns and conflicts. Art therapy practice is based on knowledge of human developmental and psychological theories that are implemented in the full spectrum of models of assessment and treatment including educational, psychodynamic, cognitive, transpersonal and other therapeutic means of reconciling emotional conflicts, fostering self-awareness, developing social skills, managing behavior, solving problems, reducing anxiety, aiding reality orientation and increasing self-esteem." Art therapists focus on the process of creating art. They do not judge the quality of the finished piece(s).

AATA says that art therapy did not emerge as a distinct profession until the 1930s. At the beginning of the 20th century, psychiatrists became interested in the artwork done by patients and studied it to see if there was a link between the art and the illness of their patients. At the same time, art educators were discovering that the free and spontaneous art expression of children represented both emotional and symbolic communications. Since then, the profession of art therapy has grown into an effective way for counselors to treat many populations.

Benefits of Art Therapy

People from all walks of life profit from art therapy. According to Canadian art therapist Petrea Hansen-Adamidis, Dipl. AT, RCAT, art therapy can help you:

express feelings too difficult to talk about
increase self-esteem and confidence
develop healthy coping skills
identify feelings and blocks to emotional expression and growth
provide an avenue for communication
make verbal expression more accessible

Finding an Art Therapist

If you'd like to experience art therapy, find someone who is a registered art therapist. (In the United States, look for the letters "ATR" or "ATR-BC" after their names.) Art therapists have either a master's degree in art therapy, a master's degree with an emphasis in art therapy or 21 semester units in art therapy with a master's degree in a related field. In addition, they must have completed a minimum of 1,000 direct client contact hours. See http://www.arttherapy.org for more information on the qualifications you need to become an art therapist.

My Personal Experience

I have experienced art therapy in two group settings. By letting go of my analytical mind and simply creating art, I discovered much about myself. In one exercise, we had to draw a picture that represented our childhood. Although I had always thought I had a fairly happy childhood, I drew a little girl sitting in the corner crying. This helped me think about my childhood in a different way. In another class, we created masks. I put dried flowers in front of the mouth and realized that sometimes I feel like I can't be heard.

Art Therapy Resources

For more information on art therapy, read books such as:

The Art Therapy Sourcebook, by Cathy A. Malchiodi
Art Is a Way of Knowing, by Pat B. Allen
Art as Medicine: Creating a Therapy of the Imagination, by Shaun McNiff
Art and Healing: Using Expressive Art to Heal Your Body, Mind and Spirit,
by Barbara Ganim, et al.
The Art of Therapy and the Therapy of Art, by Anna S. Krayn
Art Therapy: An Introduction (Basic Principles into Practice Series), by Judith Aron Rubin
Creative Transformation: The Healing Power of the Arts, by Penny Lewis
Handbook of Art Therapy, by Caroline Case and Tessa Dalley
The Creative Connection: Expressive Arts as Healing, by Natalie H. Rogers

Borago officinalis: "cordial flowers" for cheering the heart

2008-08-10T13:48:00.000-07:00

What is borage?

Borage is an annual, bristly European herb having blue or purplish star-shaped flowers. It is a decorative with hairy leaves that may cause a skin rash. The leaves are cucumber-flavored and can be used in salads, alcoholic drinks, teas, soups and stews. They can be cooked like spinach, added to deserts, added to potpourris or candied for decoration on cakes.

The cucumber-flavored leaves are used fresh in salads, drinks, and soups, or cooked in stews. They are also sometimes brewed into a tea or prepared like spinach. The colorful blossoms can be added to summer drinks, deserts, and salads; candied for decoration on cakes; brewed to make a mild, spicy tea; or added to potpourris.

Borage, its History and its Use

Throughout history, the most common association with borage is courage, that is, to eat or drink borage in some form would impart a sense of confidence or bravery, even elation. One old wive's tale has borage smuggled into the drink of a prospective husband to give him the courage to propose! During war times, soldiers imbibed freely of spirits flavored with borage, but it's unclear whether it was the borage or the wine that gave them the courage to head into battle. Everyone from Discorides to Jethro Kloss, however, seem to agree that borage is, indeed, a feel-good herb that positively affects the adrenal gland.

There's some mystery about where the name came from, possibly an old Celtic word meaning "man of courage," or from the Latin word "borra," which translates to "hair of the beast," an apt reference to borage's fuzzy leaves. Some feel that the saying "cool as a cucumber" is derived from borage's most oft cited characteristics: courage under fire and a cucumber taste!

There also seems to be a good deal of documented agreement about the powers of borage, beyond myths and legend. The ancient Roman scholar, Pliny, records its effectiveness as an anti-depressant; the famous herbalist Nicholas Culpeper confirms that it was valuable to expel pensiveness and melancholy, while the Welsh call it the "herb of gladness." So maybe those soldiers were onto something, and Borage Brew is the thing to take just before the job interview, the blind date or slaying your own daily dragons!

Borage is considered one of the four "cordial flowers" for cheering the heart. Though not currently in vogue, in the past, borage flowers were often stitched in ladies' fine embroidery work. In the language of herbs, it's associated with bluntness; it's thought that borage, when combined with mugwort and parsley, increases clairvoyance.

Besides relieving depression, early herbalists used it to ease fevers, bronchitis and diarrhea. One source cited borage as useful in cleansing toxins resulting from bites or stings of snakes and poisonous insects from the blood. An infusion is useful as an eyewash or for use as a compress to relieve headaches. Poultices made from the leaves help reduce swelling and inflammation.

With its wonderful crisp, cucumber flavor, borage is a wonderful addition to salads and dressings, blending well with dill, mint and garlic. Eaten like spinach, leaves can be steamed or sautéed, or the stems can be eaten raw, peeled and chopped, like celery. The leaves and stems enhance fish and poultry recipes, can be a tasty ingredient in chilled vegetable soups, or can add a little something extra to chicken or fish stock. Harvest leaves as the plant begins to flower for best results, as the older leaves and stems become tough. Those who object to eating the fuzzy leaves may include them in their recipes for flavor, but remove before eating, like bay. Besides these culinary uses, borage is probably most often associated with adding a "cool" taste to beverages.

The bright blue, star-shaped flowers are a unique embellishment to salads, candied as desserts or used as floating focal points in the punch bowl. For a special effect, freeze one borage flower in each ice cube. One note for anyone rushing to include borage in his or her culinary efforts: it does not dry or freeze well, and the only way to store its unique flavor long term is to infuse it in vinegar.

Growing Borage
Borage is easily grown. Officially an annual, it re-seeds itself so thoroughly that it will come back year after year. It likes a sunny location, and although it does well in just about any soil, it thrives in loose, moist soil that is well mulched, reaching a height of 2 to 3 feet. Like its close relative, comfrey, it has a tendency to fall over and can be a bit straggly, so it is best planted amidst other herbs. A valuable companion plant, borage is said to strengthen resistance to insects and diseases of any neighboring plants, but is especially friendly to strawberries. Bees are particularly fond of borage, which makes it essential for the garden, but that merit aside, it's really a delightful garden inhabitant, giving much value for little effort, certainly beautiful and most importantly, useful.

Bella Borago Summer Soup

This is a wonderful and delicately flavored summer soup:

2 cucumbers, peeled and chopped
5 scallions, chopped
A large handful of borage leaves
1-1/4 cup chicken stock
1-1/4 cup buttermilk or plain yogurt
2/3 cup heavy cream or sour cream
Salt and pepper, to taste
Borage flowers, to garnish

Puree the cucumbers, scallions and borage leaves. Thin with a small amount of stock. Separately, whisk the remaining stock with yogurt and cream and stir into the puree. Season. Chill. Before serving, shred a few borage leaves and scatter them, along with the flowers, on top.

Cider Cup (makes 3 pints)
1 quart cider
1 lemon
1 pint orange juice
1 handful fresh borage leaves
1/2 cup sherry
1/ 2 cup + 2 tablespoons (of 10 tablespoons) brandy
Sugar to taste
Soda water

Finely peel, then prick the flesh of the lemon and place in the cider. Add the borage, cover and let stand 2 hours. Add the orange juice, sherry, brandy and sugar to taste. Add the soda shortly before serving and serve over shaved ice. Garnish with borage flowers.

At-Home Massage Routine

2008-08-10T13:47:00.000-07:00

If you're stressed and the idea of a massage sounds like the perfect remedy but isn't in your budget, an at-home massage can be a cheaper alternative. It's easy with the right tools, tricks of the trade and, of course, a partner.

Have your partner lie down, facing the ceiling. Position a pillow under your partner's knees. Put some lubricant in the palm of your hand and warm it by rubbing your hands together. Gently place your hands on your partner's shoulders. This gives your partner a chance to get used to your touch and allows you a moment to focus. Slowly slide your hands toward the edge of your partner's shoulders, continue along the upper back and up the neck, stopping at the base of the skull. Repeat this three times.

Carefully pick up your partner's head and turn it to the left. Slide the heel of your hand from the base of the skull to the edge of your partner's shoulder. Repeat this three times and then do this on the other side of your partner's neck.

Return your partner's head to its original position. Place your hands on their shoulders like you did when you started the massage. Gently push in on your partner's shoulders, like a cat.

Move to your partner's side. Reapply your lubricant and slowly spread the oil or lotion from your partner's wrist to the edge of the shoulders. Release your pressure as you go over the elbow joint. Repeat this three times. Hold your partner's hand and "milk" the hand, slowly kneading down each finger. Go to your partner's other side and repeat this on the other arm.

Now you're ready to move to the lower part of your partner's body. Begin by kneading your partner's feet. Be willing to spend extra time massaging the feet. Few things feel as wonderful as a foot massage. After the massage, your partner will likely only remember the foot and back parts of the massage. When you feel ready to move on, gently stroke the leg, starting at the ankle and ending at the top of the thigh. Release your pressure as you go over the knee joint. Continue stroking the entire length of the leg. Repeat this five times and then move to the other side.

At this point, help you partner turn over. (Wake them if needed.) Position a pillow under your partner's ankles. Once your partner is situated and comfortable, massage the feet again. Next, massage the back of the leg, using long strokes from the ankle to the top of the hamstring. Release pressure as you go over the knee joint. Repeat this five times and then do the same thing on the other leg.

Position yourself at your partner's head. Place your hands at the top of your partner's back, and with one long stroke, glide your hands along the side of the spine all the way down to the pelvis. Release your pressure and slide your hands along the side of your partner, back to your starting point. Repeat this three times. Move to your partner's side, and use the heel of your hand to stroke from the lower back to the top of the back. Repeat this three time and then move to the other side. Finish by placing your hands side-by-side on your partner's spine and gently (with no pressure) moving your hands in opposite directions along the length of the spine. Hold your hands in the final position and gently lift them off your partner.

Congratulations! You've now completed a full massage routine. Give your partner a few minutes to get up. Be ready to help if they need you to do so. Wash your hands, drink some water and take a few minutes for yourself to recover.

Are There Herbs Around Your House?

2008-08-10T13:46:00.000-07:00

Have you ever wondered how life was for the pioneers who lived long ago? Has your mind ever pondered the question about how they survived without the modern technologies we take for granted today? What did they use for dyes, fragrance, spices and medicine? Well, after studying and researching I was amazed to discover how they made use of their surroundings, nature and herbs.

When the world began people didn't know why herbs cured certain diseases, helped aid in the healing of wounds or worked as a pain reliever. People began experimenting with herbs, and soon they discovered they had a substance at their disposal that was good for a variety of things. Once the word was out I can only imagine they treated this natural substance as gold. In a sense to them it was more precious than gold; it was hope for the dying. The Bible says, "He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man, that he may bring forth food out of the earth," Psalms 104:14.

Herbs have been around forever, but it has taken us thousands of years to discover their total beauty and use. People have been utilizing herbs as far back as the Bible days and the search continues on today. What are herbs? You would be amazed at the household items you use every day that consist of herbs. With their texture, taste, fragrance and color they are used in a variety of ways. Lotions, soaps, moisturizers, aftershave, hair care, facials, cleansers, seasons, candles, incense, perfumes, breath sweeteners, potpourris, sachets, medicines, tea, ink, glue, snuff and insect repellent.

Some herbal names you may recognize are myrrh, mistletoe, St. Johns Wort, thyme, onion, parsley, rose, rosemary, mint, coffee, cloves, chamomile, aloe, bay, birch, ginger, cinnamon, garlic, dandelions, eucalyptus. There are many more herbs but the list is too great to name. You probably use one type or another of herbs in your everyday life, but are unaware of their presence.

Herbs were first used for medicine. These plants were known for their healing effect and soon people caught on to this and started experimenting with them. Some herbs act as stimulants and others sedatives. They are used to treat things such as urinary disorders, sexual disorders, venereal disease, insomnia, hemorrhoids, constipation, minor stomach aches, kidney problems, memory, fatigue, blood pressure and headaches, etc.

Herbs are also used as a soothing agent in bath water in helping aching and sore joints. Some add it to their bath for the fragrance and feel. Many hair care companies have discovered herbs to be an asset to their shampoos, conditioners and gels. They look nice and work well when used in crafts too. When these plants are dried they make a perfect tool for making woven baskets, bouquets and dried wreaths.

The most common herbs that we know of today are the ones you use in your kitchen. Basil, chives, cinnamon, cloves, sage and parsley are only a few that are used as cooking agents. Take cinnamon, for instance; it's sweet and comes whole or ground. This is a common name amongst cooks and is an asset to any spice rack. The cinnamon comes from a small tender evergreen tree. Their leaves are bright red but with maturity turn green. The inner bark when dried would curl into sticks, called cinnamon sticks. Some cultures use it to stimulate flavors of carrots, spinach, onions, apricots, cherries, apples, etc. Children enjoy candy made of cinnamon because of its unique flavor. The taste of cinnamon is bitter-sweet. With its delightful smell, potpourri is also made out of this spice. It has been recommended by herbalist that this spice helps aid in digestion and relieves vomiting. Thousands of years ago it has been said that cinnamon was also used in the embalming mixture.

Herbs are also used for dyes. If you've been searching for that perfect color then consider using herbs. By boiling these plants you can create many colors such as yellow, green and orange. For example boom, dandelion, and dock herbs produce yellow colors while bloodroot makes an orange. After boiling the herb and following a few steps you can dye things such as yarn.

Some people use herbs to create a beautiful garden. They are often used in landscaping adding a special beauty to any yard. One example is a theme garden. By separating your herbs by the ones used to create fragrance, dyes, medicinal, cooking and color you can create a beautiful, useful garden you can be proud of. Herbs have been known for keeping pests such as caterpillars out of gardens. They can also improve the flavor of a plant nearby and have been known to kill neighbor plants. If you weren't born with a green thumb don't worry. Growing herbs is actually easier than growing vegetables. Some types of herbs need a well-drained, sunny area with plenty of room with fertile soil. Raised beds or containers are best when used to help with drainage. Other herbs prefer the shade and can survive in damp soil.
It has been told that Mary used herbs to stuff the bed that Christ laid in many years ago. Today people also use them to stuff pillows or beds because they aid sleep problems with their soothing vapors.

A common herb that we use today is the aloe plant. It's described as having long, tapering, fleshy leaves that when broken expose sap. Aloe is traced back 2,000 years ago when it was first used for medicine. People would apply aloe to wounds. Some believed it helped stop hair loss and so they applied this sap to their scalp. It was also used to help with constipation, insomnia, hemorrhoids, headaches and more. Today the most common use for the aloe plant is treating burns and poison ivy. Aloe has also been used to help clear up warts. It has a distinctive smell and soothing feel, and can be found in lotions, shampoos, shaving cream, face cream and many more things.

Another common herb to us today is eucalyptus. This comes from a tree that shimmers and has silver leaves and a creamy bark. There are over 500 species of eucalyptus. Since this tree has an ability to store water in its roots, to some people it has became a source of drinking water. The oil from the eucalyptus possesses a cooling taste. It has a spicy odor and is clear or pale yellow in color. This oil has an active germicide with the qualities of an antiseptic and astringent. The oil can be used as an antibacterial but must be diluted. The eucalyptus is mainly used for respiratory problems.

When gathering fresh herbs, pick or snip the young leaves or whole sprigs if the plant is large enough. Be careful not to over-pick too many leaves from just one stem or from very young plants. The herbs are richest in aromatic oils when they are just coming into bloom and so this is the best time to harvest the plants. You can dry your herbs by hanging them. Take caution when purchasing too many dried herbs because their lifespan is limited.

Pests and diseases are a problem for herb gardens. Certain flies, caterpillars and leafhoppers are troublesome to such tender plants. You can spray to aid with this problem. But disease has a long-term effects on the herbs.

If you wish to learn more about herbs and their uses go to your local library and check out their unlimited resources on the subject or search the Web by going to a search engine and typing in the word "herbs."

Fruits and Vegetables: Phytonutrients - Back to Nature

2008-08-08T12:22:00.000-07:00

Phytochemicals are the future (and the past) for healthy living. Many people get phytonutrients everyday and don't even know it. Our parents and their parents always said, "Eat your vegetables! They are good for you." But no one really knew why, until now.

We now know that the active substances in fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes help prevent disease and cancer. The very substances that are responsible for their color, flavor and disease resistance help keep us healthy.

How simplistic is that? That the natural food, not processed, not enriched with chemicals, steroids or artificial anything, is what we need to eat to remain as healthy as can be. Back to nature equals back to simplicity. We need to slow down and weed our gardens. Our fast-paced lives have developed into fast-paced eating, which leads to foods that are, essentially, unhealthy. You can help counteract unhealthy foods by eating fresh produce. And unlike vitamins and minerals, phytochemicals do not appear to diminish when subjected to cooking or processing.

No matter how big your yard is, no matter how little time you have, no matter how little money you have; you can have a garden. Trust me, I have no extra time to speak of and I have a good-sized garden. It basically takes care of itself.

Plant a few tomato plants, a couple cucumber vines, some carrots and watermelons; water as often as you need, and you my friend, are on your way. If you plant the seeds, they will grow. Your body will thank you when you cook with fresh produce. You will reap the benefits emotionally, as well, as physically. They say that gardening is good for mental stimulation and uses every muscle group.

Phytonutrients: they have a name for everything, don't they? All I know is, I have learned to love my fruits and vegetables for the sake of my health and that of my family. I have grown to love my garden, even when it is full of weeds to be pulled. And, best of all, I have taught my children that cooking with ingredients we have grown in our yard is as easy as pie.

Meditation & Spirituality: What, Why and How?

2008-08-08T12:19:00.000-07:00

What is meditation? A popular way to envision meditation is to see a person sitting with their legs folded saying 'ohhm,' this indeed is a form of meditation. However, there are MANY more ways.

In a more general sense, meditation is an exercise in contemplation, reflection, an act of keeping the mind fixed upon something and an act of clearing the mind free from the day's distractions and possibly delving deeper into one's own mind.

Many people meditate, but in different ways. Everyday a woman walks down to the wheat farm near her house in Kansas and looks across the field listening to the breeze rustle through the fields of wheat-this is meditation. A man rides his bike to work in the morning and concentrates on moving his legs in a circular motion - this may be considered meditation too. A woman working in a closed office without any windows takes a 15-minute break to rest her mind, breathe and to repeat a favorite scripture; this too may be considered a form of meditation.

When asking around the office what exactly is meditation, I received a variety of responses. One person said, "meditation is discovery." Another said that meditation is, "playing tennis with focus." My office mate believes that meditation means "lighting a candle, sitting at rest in front of it, and focusing on the flame while repeating an affirmation."

According to a book on alternative healing therapies, "meditation can give you 'time off' from the pressures and stresses of everyday life." It can also be considered "a rigorous discipline aimed at the achievement of 'oneness' with the universal energy that underlies creation." Used therapeutically, meditation can help a person to visualize, focus on affirmations that will have a beneficial effect on the person's behavior and to gain more awareness and control of the body. Therefore, meditation can be of use to athletes, dancers, artists, people in recovery, students, and anyone dealing with stress or change.

It has been said that Tibetan monks meditate to "communicate with the cosmic mind." Perhaps this is what is meant by "discovery." Through meditation, it is possible for a person to become more in tune with the self and the spirit. The mind can clear itself free from the noise of civilization and listen to the more profound influences of the mind.

The Ayurvedan Institute in Albuquerque, New Mexico states, "The aim of meditation is union with higher self, but you can unite with your higher self only when you have a healthy body, healthy mind and healthy consciousness." Yet through meditation within itself, we can find a healthier body, mind and consciousness.

Scientific studies have shown that the regular practice of some form of meditation can lead to a decreased heart rate, decreased muscle tension, decreased oxygen consumption and less fatigue. Meditation can also improve one's ability to think analytically and it reduces anxiety.

To begin meditating, first of all be aware that meditation requires no special tools and can be practiced anytime, anywhere, anyhow you feel most comfortable. Secondly, be aware that you must be patient; good meditation comes with practice and experience. Finally, realize that meditation is an individual exercise and can be adapted to your personal interests and needs - there really isn't a true formula for successful meditation, but rather a few good guidelines.

One of the most common and simple meditation techniques is breathing meditation.

Focus on your breathing:

Take deep breaths filling your lower belly (below the diaphragm) without straining. Breathe smoothly and slowly a rhythm.
While breathing, focus on different aspects of your breathing - feel the air enter your nose and fill your abdomen for a while. Then, shift your focus to your exhalation. Finally, focus on the rhythm of the exhalation and inhalation combined.
If you wish, you can count how long it takes to breathe in and to breathe out. Or try giving your exhale a 1-count and the inhale a 2-count and repeat this for a cycle of ten and then switch the numbers to words of affirmation. This helps you with your concentration.
If you find your mind wandering, start over and try counting or using the alphabet for every breath to see how long you can go without losing concentration. After awhile, you will notice that you can concentrate for longer and longer. When this happens, it's easy to return to the affirmations or your own counting style.

There are many more ways to practice meditation. Running with a steady breath, doing T'ai Chi, playing repeated scales on the piano, and sitting on a chair in a proper sitting pose are all ways to meditate. Please revisit this post for more detailed articles on meditation, how others prefer to do it, and how other have benefited.

Meditation & Spirituality: Mind Overload? Meditate

2008-08-06T07:46:00.000-07:00

Have you ever been preparing breakfast and poured orange juice instead of milk into your cereal? Or you get up from your chair, walk to the bedroom to get a hairpin but when you get there you have absolutely no idea what you were going to get? When this happens, the first thing we ask ourselves is, "Am I going crazy or what?" The response to this question is usually "or what?" The name for this is Mind Overload.

From the moment that you get up in the morning, your mind starts working. For most people life means caring and dealing with family, home, work, health, money, traffic, etc. If you're lucky, you do this only sixteen hours per day. You barely get a good night's sleep. You're mind is at work day in and day out with practically no rest. Even during sleep your mind is not fully at rest. How can it not be on overload?

You try to take care of yourself, right? You eat healthy, exercise, and visit the doctor for regular check-ups. But who's taking care of your mind? Most people don't give this much thought until they have a nervous breakdown or develop severe depression. And when this happens, they wonder how it happened. Well, it was very simple, they didn't take care of their minds. Your mind needs as much caring as the rest of your body. This is where meditation comes in.

Your body needs it on a regular basis if you want to maintain its health. Imagine your mind as an overstuffed drawer. Every so often you need to empty it out. Get rid of the junk that you've accumulated, re-arrange the keepers, and leave plenty of room for the stuff that you'll be collecting in the future. This is exactly what meditation is: cleansing, throwing out and making room. If you meditate on a regular basis you won't find yourself pouring coffee into the coffee maker without a filter. And you won't be reaching for the remote when you meant to answer the phone.

It doesn't matter what kind of meditation you do as long as you do it on a regular basis. There are so many to choose from; it won't take you long to find one that you like. Making time to meditate is just as important as making time to exercise.

Needles for Chronic Pain Relief

2008-08-04T21:17:00.000-07:00

Controlling chronic pain is a never-ending challenge for both pain sufferers and the medical community. Conservative remedies prove only mildly effective and short-term in their relief while extreme remedies, such as surgery and powerful medications, may cause adverse effects or offer only limited results. If you struggle with debilitating pain and feel that you have exhausted your treatment options, it may be time to take a closer look at a new medication-free approach to pain management: a complementary therapy called Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, or, more simply, PENS.

A recent study examined the effectiveness of PENS on chronic low back pain. PENS involves inserting needles (similar to the needles used in acupuncture) into various locations on the body, and then sending an electric current through the needles to stimulate the nerves. In this study PENS was compared with Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (or TENS, which involves sending an electric current through electrode pads) and an exercise regimen (stretching the affected muscles).

Not only did study participants report that the most immediate decreases in pain occurred after each PENS session, but they also noticed that after three or four PENS sessions their day-to-day pain was largely reduced, their physical ability and sleep quality improved, and their need for pain-relieving medication lessened. Participants were so enthusiastic that 80% of them said they would pay out-of-pocket to continue with their PENS therapy.

The researchers noted that they view PENS as a complement, not alternative, to existing pain management programs. They are extending their study to PENS effects on diabetic neuropathy, cervical neck pain, and headaches, in addition to more research on low back pain. In the meantime, it is important to remember that although promising, PENS is a new therapy and more research is needed to clearly establish its effectiveness. If you think it might be for you, talk with your doctor about integrating PENS into your pain management plan.

Suggested Resources

White PF, Phillips J, Proctor TJ, Craig WF. Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS): A Promising Alternative-Medicine Approach to Pain Management. American Pain Society Bulletin. 1999;9(2). Available at: www.ampainsoc.org/bulletin/mar99/pens.htm . Accessed on October 18, 1999.

To learn more about PENS and pain management, you can contact the American Pain Society at 847/375-4715 or visit their web site at www.ampainsoc.org.

References

Ghoname EA, Craig WR, White PF, et al. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for low back pain: a randomized crossover study. JAMA. 1999;281(9):818-823.

Manual Therapies Lend a Healing Hand

2008-08-04T21:10:00.000-07:00

For centuries people have practiced the techniques and experienced the physical benefits of manual therapies. Manual therapies include any therapy in which the practitioner works with his or her hands to improve a person's muscular or skeletal functions. Through manual therapy people have experienced relief from back pain, headaches, and stress and anxiety, among other ailments. While an increasing number of Americans are familiar with the basics of massage therapy, there are numerous variations. These include osteopathic manipulation, reflexology, lymphatic massage, Asian massage, and rolfing. The following is a brief overview of these therapies.

Asian massage (Tui na and shiatsu). Both tui na and shiatsu are believed to help heal the whole body in addition to localized areas. Tui na is a deep tissue massage and manipulation often used to treat arthritis and rheumatic pains, promote circulation, and restore weak or damaged nerves. Shiatsu uses gentle finger and hand pressure on acupuncture points and, similar to acupuncture, is used to treat gastrointestinal disturbances, muscle and nerve ailments, bone and joint ailments, respiratory ailments, female reproductive system ailments, and other conditions, such as addiction, headaches, and sinusitis.

Lymphatic massage. Practitioners of this type of manual therapy use a very light, pulsing touch along the body's lymph vessels. Their touch works to stimulate lymphatic circulation and thereby help the body eliminate toxins. This kind of massage is often used to treat sprains, bruises, muscular spasms due to chronic tension or overuse, and swelling after surgery.

Massage therapy. Most therapists rely on a variety of techniques, ranging from gentle stroking and kneading of muscles to targeted therapy concentrating on specific muscles. It's the most widely used muscular therapy and has been clinically proven to relieve muscle tension and reduce stress. Certified therapists complete an intensive training program, take national board examinations, and are licensed or registered in many states.

Osteopathic manipulation. This type of therapy uses a wide range of manipulative techniques to treat musculoskeletal conditions such as back pain, neck pain, joint pain, and headaches. It is also used for other conditions, such as sinus pain and digestive difficulties, as a complement to other treatments. Osteopathy holds that the structural integrity of the whole body is the key to good health. This integrity is easily compromised by things like muscle tension due to anxiety or misaligned bones due to sports injuries. Doctors of Osteopathy (D.O.s) receive conventional medical training as well as training in osteopathic therapies.

Reflexology. In this form of manual therapy, all parts of the body are believed to have a direct connection to a precise area on the foot, hand, or ear. Specialized massage of these areas is used to return normal function to the associated parts of the body. Many massage therapists have some training in reflexology.

Rolfing. This relatively new technique primarily relies on deep massage of the muscles and connective tissues to help the body achieve "structural balance." Practitioners of rolfing believe that structural balance in the body is critical for good health; a balanced body is able to conserve energy, release tension, move more easily, and function better neurologically. Many practitioners complete hundreds of hours of graduate-level training at the Rolf Institute in Boulder, Colorado to receive their certification.

Glossary

Chronic: refers to an illness or disease that develops slowly and is persistent (often lifelong)

Lymph vessels: The lymphatic vessels work to remove waste products, bacteria, and foreign substances from bodily tissues. The lymphatic vessel system is activated in part by skeletal muscle contractions and plays an important role in intestinal and immune system function.

Rheumatic: relating to rheumatism, which is a condition characterized by inflammation or pain in the muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue

Toxins: bacteria, poisons, fats, coal dust, dyes, and dead cells and cells parts, or other material that can lead to disease if they are not removed from the body

Suggested Resources

The following sources are available to help you learn more and locate a practitioner near you:

Asian massage: Contact the American Oriental Bodywork Therapy Association at 609-782-1616.

Lymphatic massage: Contact NAVALT at 419-729-3258.

Massage therapy: Contact American Massage Therapy Association at 847-864-0123 or visit their Web site at www.amtamassage.org.

Osteopathic manipulation: Contact American Academy of Osteopathy at 317-879-1881 or visit their Web site at www.aao.medguide.net. OR: Contact the American Osteopathic Association at 800-621-1773 or visit their Web site at www.aoa-net.org.

Reflexology: Contact the American Reflexology Certification Board at 303-933-6921.

Rolfing: Contact the Rolf Institute of Structural Integration at 800-530-8875 or visit their Web site at www.rolf.org.

Other resources:

Bodywork: What Type of Massage to Get—And How to Make the Most of It by Thomas Claire (Quill 1996)

The Bodywork and Massage Sourcebook by Andrew S. Levine and Valerine Levine (Lowell House 1999)

Is Your Body Trying to Tell You Something? Why It is Wise to Listen to Your Body and How Massage and Body Work Can Help by Carmen Renee Berry (Pagemill Press 1997)

A Look at Chiropractic

2008-08-04T21:06:00.000-07:00

Chiropractic is a therapy that focuses on the relationship between the body's structure and its function, with the belief that impaired body function can be restored through structural corrections. At the core of the practice is spinal adjustment or manipulation, in which pressure is applied by hand to fix misaligned vertebrae. Spinal manipulation is one of the most researched alternative treatments available in the US.

People who seem to benefit the most from chiropractic treatment are those who seek treatment for musculoskeletal disorders; back, neck, and associated arm and leg pain and numbness; or headaches. Research supports chiropractic care for these conditions. Pain in the shoulders and other joints of the arms and legs often respond to chiropractic therapies as well. While chiropractic is less predictable and little researched for treating internal organ problems, some chiropractors report seeing benefits for painful menstrual periods, childhood ear infections, asthma, and digestive disorders.

Your first visit to the chiropractor will probably last about 30 to 60 minutes. The practitioner will make notes on the history of your ailment and do orthopedic and neurological exams to diagnose and screen for conditions that require referral to another specialist. He or she will feel your spine for misaligned vertebrae, joints that are too tight or too loose, and muscular imbalances. The chiropractor may request X-rays and/or lab tests; many have X-ray machines right in their offices.

Once you are diagnosed, treatment begins, which often includes spinal manipulation. Spinal manipulation is usually not uncomfortable—don't let the popping sound you may hear alarm you. Chiropractic therapies may also include hot and cold packs, ultrasound, electronic muscle stimulation, and even acupuncture. Your chiropractor may also teach you exercises and provide you with a supportive collar, brace, corset, or shoe inserts. Depending on what state you live in, your chiropractor may also be licensed to offer dietary counseling.

A full course of chiropractic treatment typically requires 10 to 15 visits, but like any treatment, the extent of care needed may vary from one individual to another. Acute pain may initially necessitate three or more visits a week for several weeks. If there is no improvement in your symptoms within four weeks of care, a chiropractor should refer you to another practitioner. At that point you may also want to seek a second opinion. If you do see improvement, additional care is appropriate, only with less frequent visits.

Your first visit will probably cost between $50 and $150. Follow-up visits usually cost between $30 and $60 each. Most health insurance policies cover chiropractic care to some extent. Automobile insurance policies usually cover treatment as well, and Medicare provides partial coverage. Medicaid and workers' compensation coverage varies depending on the state you live in.

You can get a list of chiropractors in your area at the International Chiropractic Association's Web site at www.chiropractic.org. Every state licenses and regulates chiropractors who have undergone six years or more of training. Consult your healthcare provider about your chiropractic treatment so that you can monitor your progress together. It's also a good idea to talk to your doctor before you seek another opinion or referral if you feel your chiropractic treatment has not been effective.

Glossary

Acute: describes a condition or illness that begins suddenly and is usually short lasting

Musculoskeletal disorders: Ailments related to problems with the functioning of the muscles in relation to the skeleton.

Vertebrae: the 33 bones that make up the spine

Suggested Resources

Your Chiropractor and You by Joseph Kandel and David Sudderth (Prima Publishing, 1999)

Chiropractic First: The Fastest Growing Healthcare Choice Before Drugs or Surgery by Terry Rondberg (Chiropractic Journal, 1996)

References

American Chiropractic Association. Doctor of Chiropractic: Occupational Description. Arlington, Va: American Chiropractic Association. Publication F-21.

American Chiropractic Association. Evidence for the Effectiveness of Chiropractic. Arlington, Va: American Chiropractic Association.

American Chiropractic Association Web site. About Chiropractic. Available at: http//www.amerchiro.com. Accessed November 22, 1999.

Chiropractic Care Reaches New Peak of Acceptance by Consumers and Health Care Community: 80 Percent of Insured American Workers Have Coverage for Chiropractic Services [press release]. Arlington, Va: American Chiropractic Association; May 11, 1998.

International Chiropractors Association Web site. ACA Policy Statements. Available at: http//www.chiropractic.org. Accessed November 22, 1999.

Homemade Spa Treatments: Recipes to Soothe the Skin and the Soul

2008-07-30T15:00:00.001-07:00

Wouldn't it be great to escape to a hidden retreat, where you would be pampered and primped? Now you can relax at home with these luxurious beauty and bathing tips.

By using simple, natural ingredients, you can freshen your face, while pleasing your senses. The fruity aromas and floral perfumes will have your senses reeling. The following masks are both beneficial and luxurious, leaving skin feeling silky and smooth.

Peachy mask

This is a good all-around mask for normal skin. The acid in the peach helps in skin continuity and balance.

One medium-large peach
1 tablespoon of vanilla yogurt
1 tablespoon of honey
1/4 cup of wheat germ

Place in a blender and mix until smooth and creamy.

Chill for 5 to 15 minutes then rub onto face. Leave the mask on for at least 20 minutes, rinsing with warm milk or warm water. Store the mixture in the refrigerator for up to three days.

Strawberry mask

This is great for cleaning pores!

3/4 cup of strawberries
1 tablespoon vanilla or strawberry yogurt
1 tablespoon honey
1/4 cup of warm Grapenuts cereal in 2 tablespoons of milk (warm in microwave for one minute)

Blend all ingredients.

Immediately put this mixture onto face, spreading rather thickly. Leave it on for 20 minutes and rinse with a mixture of lemon water (1 cup of cool water with just a drop of lemon extract). This will close your pores, keeping your face clean and blemish free. This mask can be stored for a few days, but remember to reheat the mixture before using.

Now that you have your face drenched in paradise, enjoying a creamy mask, you have 20 minutes to kill. How does a nice, hot bath sound? Slip into a steaming tub after sprinkling some of these aromatic bath salts and you'll think that you've slipped into heaven. Are you ready to give yourself a treat? Take a deep breath and feel all of the tension disappear. Here are a few recipes for a relaxing bath that will make all your worries fade.

Perfumed Bath Salts

1/4 cup Epsom salts
2 teaspoons arrowroot powder
6 drops of any fragrant oil

Lavender Fizz Bath Salts

1/3 cup bicarbonate
2 teaspoons dried rose petals
8 drops lavender oil
8 drops geranium oil

Fizzy and Fun Bath Salts

1/2 cups bicarbonate
1/4 cups citric acid
8 to 10 drops essential oil
30 drops food coloring of choice

Instructions for all bath salts:

Mix the dry ingredients together, adding the oils and color one at a time. Mix well and keep the powder in an airtight jar. Add a spoon or two to your next bath. These powders can last for several months. (Bath water must be very warm for the fizzing action to occur.)

Now you have all the ingredients that you need for a calming and peaceful bath, so what are you waiting for? Start mixing so that you can relax and enjoy!

Meditation: A Script to Use to Relax

2008-07-30T14:59:00.000-07:00

It may seem strange, but many people do not know how to relax or what it actually means. Flopping in front of the television with a glass of whisky isn't it.

Relaxation is the art of having a relaxed body and a peaceful mind -- we are not after an empty mind but to just allow our thoughts to slow and become non-intrusive. Relaxation is something we can learn and become good at so we can achieve a deeply relaxed state very quickly.

When we practice active nothingness, the benefits can be astounding. Most notably is a feeling of calmness and inner well-being. Deep relaxation gives our immune system a boost, helps us to sleep better and facilitates quicker recovery if we do get ill. We can also use the time to make changes and/or use positive powerful affirmations. The script below can be used as it is or you can use it as a guide to create your own. If you are creating your own, use words that you associate with relaxation and use your imagination to create it.

You can memorize it, record it or have someone read it to you. Pause at the ellipses.

Make yourself comfortable with your arms and legs uncrossed … ensure that you are warm enough. Make sure that your head is supported.

Begin

Close your eyes and pay attention to your breathing for a few moments. Don't alter your breathing just notice -- be an observer. Think of a word that you associate with relaxation and silently say it in your mind as you breathe out.

Focus your attention on just you.

Imagine now, that your legs are relaxing from the knees down and each time you breathe out … you are feeling a wave of relaxation wash over you and through you.

All sounds that you hear apart from an emergency, remind your mind that you are relaxing. If you need to awaken, you may do so immediately. You will feel alert and refreshed. But, for now, just enjoy this peaceful, calm and restful experience.

Spend a few moments thinking about how you would know, what you would experience, what you would feel if your legs were more relaxed than they had ever been. Only you can experience your relaxation.

Imagine now, that your arms are relaxing from the elbows down. And, all the while your breathing is becoming slower and slower. Gentle, comfortable regular breathing. Continue to say your word each time you breathe out.

Spend a few moments thinking about how you would know, what you would experience, what you would feel if your arms were more relaxed than they had ever been. Only you can experience your relaxation.

Now, you can allow the relaxation in your lower arms and lower legs to spread and flow upwards … feel your arms and legs relax … completely.

You have no need to think of anything or nothing, but if you wish, you may think of everything.

The relaxation in your legs can now begin to flow gently up through your hips, pelvic area, tummy and chest.

The relaxation in your arms can spread out across your shoulders, and slowly, gently but very thoroughly down your back.

All that relaxation can now flow up, into your face, up the back of your head, all the way to the very top of your scalp.

And then, gently, like waves on the sand, calming peaceful relaxation can wash all the way back down your whole being.

Everything is slowing down. Every part of you is relaxing.

This is your time ... time just for you … to rest … and … relax.

Mentally scan your mind and body for any tensions or anxieties. If you come across any, imagine them soothing away and melting into nothingness.

Resting now. Feeling peaceful.

Imagine now, that you are standing at the top of some steps that are leading down towards a door.

We are now going to slowly carefully walk down the stairs counting from 1 to 10 as we go.

As we go down each step … with each number … feel yourself relaxing more and more deeply.

Lets begin … the first step … one … slowly, gently going down. Two … you can gently allow yourself to feel calm and peaceful.

Three … everything can relax more and more.
Four … experience slowing down.
Five … and, breathing out … tensions, worries, fears and anxieties.
Six … slowly, carefully, going down the steps … Relaxing even more.
Seven … think of your word that you associate with being calm and relaxed.
Eight … and say this word inwardly to yourself every time you breathe out.
Nine … continue to say your word. And every time you hear your word in your mind you relax even more deeply.
Ten … you can carry on resting, using your word and continuing to feel calmer and calmer.

Stand in front of the door at the bottom of the stairs. It is closed, but in a moment you can go through the door and find yourself in your special place.

Go through the door now and be in that special place.

This special place is the place that you are creating just for you. It is a place within you that you can be within. In this special place, all is well.

You can visit your special place whenever you choose to do so. Spend some time now having a look around. Make sure it is all exactly as you want it.

The following suggestions can go into your inner mind, repeating without your needing to think of them consciously.

All is well.
You are healthy, fit and strong in mind and body.
You can make any and all changes that you desire, on all levels of your being, because you have control of you.
You can release anything within you that is not serving a purpose.
You are free.

Add any positive thoughts of your own that you wish to put in to your mind for you to make any changes you desire. Be clear in your mind. Create specific images.

Imagine how you will feel and look. Imagine all the things you will experience when you have accomplished your goal/s. Have total belief that you can achieve everything you set out to achieve. Imagine now, that you are, 'there.'

It's good isn't it?

Enjoy the experience.

When you are ready, and only when you are ready, gently bring yourself to an 'awake' state by counting in your mind three, two, and one -- awaken.

If you would rather, you can 'tell' yourself that you are going off to sleep and that you will sleep soundly for the perfect amount of time that is right for you.

When you practice deep relaxation, your brain slows and is then predominantly in an alpha pattern. You have probably heard of the 'magic alpha'. In this state we are at our creative best, we heal, recover and our cells replenish and rejuvenate healthfully.

The more you do it, the easier it becomes and the more benefits you can enjoy.

Give yourself permission to do 'nothing' and enjoy.

Breath Counting: A Great Way to Start Your Day

2008-07-30T14:58:00.000-07:00

Imagine the body is merely an extension of the mind. If you're mentally unbalanced, you will be physically unbalanced as well. Get in control.

You may have a weaker appetite; trouble falling asleep or waking up, more aches and pains and less energy in general.

But like two connected batteries, you can use the mind to charge the body and vice versa. If you incorporate some simple directive meditation into your daily routine, you will feel stronger physically and have more energy to get through the day. As little as 10 minutes of meditation a day can have a profoundly positive impact on your sense of balance, control and overall health.

If the idea of meditating makes you think of swamis and elaborate rituals, you may say, "Ugh!" and never want to try. However, meditation can be very simple, time efficient and (best of all) cost free.

Try this exercise in the morning. Find a quiet place and get into a comfortable position. You can lie down or sit, whichever is most relaxing. Close your eyes and focus on your breathing. Simply count each breath in your head, up to four. Then start over at one. Don't count higher than four because, believe it or not, you'll start to lose track and begin worrying about what number you are on.

As you count, focus on the feeling of your chest as it rises and falls. If you get distracted by thoughts about work or things you have to do, gently guide yourself back to the counting. The mind is not always a cooperative entity, especially if you are a Type A person, which means you are constantly moving from one chore or responsibility to the other. So at first, thoughts may intrude fairly frequently. But don't worry! Stay with it. As long as you are patient and gentle with yourself, the outer world will become less and less distracting during those 10 minutes.

To provide some structure for the exercise, you may want to use an egg timer. Then you won't have to open your eyes periodically to look at a clock or watch, wondering whether your 10 minutes are up.

The breath count is a great beginning meditation. It does a number of powerful things. First, it turns your attention inward. During those 10 minutes, you will become more aware and connected with your body. Second, it relaxes you. Your head, arms and legs may feel heavier or suddenly warmer as you count. Third, it centers you. It allows you to just "be" for a few minutes, before you must re-enter the busybody mode of life. It is a moment where you can gather all your body's energy and direct it in a very simple way.

This exercise should make the energy you need to accomplish life's most demanding tasks more readily available, and you will be able to access it faster. Getting control of a situation won't seem like such a tall mountain to climb. You may even be surprised to find that, after a week of morning breath counts, you can concentrate better at work, organize yourself more easily, and manage your relationships with greater confidence. If you are tired of relying on concentration-enhancing drugs like Ginkgo Biloba, try breath counting. And welcome yourself to the world of meditation!

Meditation & Spirituality: The Value of Relaxation

2008-07-30T14:54:00.000-07:00

Relaxtion helps you to reduce your stress levels in many ways - physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual. Actually, it's impossible to draw solid boundaries between these levels. Each influences the other, as mind, body and spirit are inextricably linked.

Relaxation helps you to reduce your stress levels, in many ways:

Physical: Relaxation activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which counteracts the effects of the stress response by reducing the level of arousal in the body: muscles loosen, breathing and heartbeat slow down, blood vessels may dilate, and the digestive system acts more efficiently. Regular relaxation gives the body an opportunity to heal itself and strengthens the immune system, allowing the effects of chronic stress to dissipate.
Emotional: Relaxation allows panic, anger and anxiety to drain away, to be replaced by a sense of stability and well-being. Everyone is familiar with the draining effects of these negative emotions; as relaxation reduces the intensity of these emotions, our inner resources and sense of self become stronger.
Mental: One of the characteristics of stress is that everything clamouring for our attention assumes equal importance, making it hard to know what to tackle first, and even harder to concentrate on any one thing. Relaxation allows us some distance and perspective on our lives, creating the space in which clear priorities can emerge. As thoughts slow down, and the mind becomes dreamy and detached, we begin to access the resources of the right brain -- the creative, intuitive, non-linear part of our minds. This part can often come up with solutions to problems that defeat our logical thought processes.
Spiritual: Relaxation provides the detachment from everyday concerns that allows us to realize what is really important in our lives; to observe thoughts, emotions and physical sensations without judging; and to have the time and space just to be, without doing. Without the distractions that normally crowd our minds, we can discover and accept who we really are.

Actually, it's impossible to draw solid boundaries between these levels. Each influences the other, as mind, body and spirit are inextricably linked. Recent research on peptides (the body's ''messenger molecules") confirms that peptide receptors are found all over the body, not just in the brain; and that the nervous system, the immune system, the endocrine (hormonal) system and the digestive system are in constant multi-way conversation.

Quick relaxation techniques are useful in dealing with acute stresses. Regular, deep relaxation has a deeper and more permanent effect. As your levels of stress reduce, you become more relaxed in everything you do, able to place each event of our day in perspective rather than overreacting. It becomes much harder for people or situations to upset you and much easier for you to take control over your thoughts, emotions and actions, and to take charge of your life.

Regular relaxation with the help of your relaxation tape will assist you in coping with your own stresses. Practice relaxing without the tape as well, perhaps by repeating some of the suggestions on the tape to yourself, so that you can relax quickly and easily whenever you need to: before an important meeting or interview, between periods of intense work, or when you need to go to sleep.

Food for Thought – Ginkgo biloba

2008-07-30T14:46:00.000-07:00

Ginkgo biloba is an example of traditional herbal wisdom, mainly derived from the doctrine of signatures, empirical evidence and generations of use. It has been far ahead of the scientific community in applying Ginkgo for healing benefit.

One of the tenets of herbalism is the 'Doctrine of Signatures.' It states that if we are able to listen and learn from the plant itself by visiting its habitat, recognizing its relationships with other organisms and by appreciating its sensual characteristics such as color, shape, smell, taste and feel, we will be pointed to indications for its use.

Ginkgo is the oldest living tree species and can be traced back more than 200 million years. Once common in North America and Europe, the Ginkgo was almost destroyed in the Ice Age in all regions of the world except China where it has been cultivated as a sacred tree. At present, Ginkgo has been planted throughout North America, mainly as an ornamental tree. Ginkgo has one of the most distinctive and interesting leaf shapes. It is a fan-shaped leaf, divided into two lobes, appropriately named biloba. It seems rather serendipitous that the Ginkgo leaf should closely resemble the human brain.

The medicinal use of Ginkgo has been traced back to the oldest Chinese Materia Medica in 2800 BC. The Ginkgo nut was used to expel mucus from the bronchioles and lungs and to inhibit a cough. However, the nut can be toxic in large amounts.

Today, when people speak of Ginkgo, they are speaking of the Ginkgo LEAF extract. In fact, Ginkgo leaf extracts are now among the leading prescription medicines in Germany and France, where they account for 1% and 1.5% respectively, of total prescription sales. In 1989, more than 100,000 physicians worldwide wrote more than 10 million prescriptions for Ginkgo biloba extracts (1).

Ginkgo is not an herb of youth. Rather, it chooses to exert its activity on the circulation, one of the systems most often affected by the aging process. While there are studies of young people benefiting from Ginkgo (2, 7), most studies have focused on the use of Ginkgo in conditions such as insufficient blood flow of the brain resulting in poor memory, depression or dementia, and in cases of peripheral vascular insufficiency such as intermittent claudication (3). These situations are most common in an aging population.

These effects have been attributed to the presence of flavone glycosides within the Ginkgo leaf. Most Ginkgo extracts are standardized to contain 24% of these constituents; the use of these extracts is supported in over 300 clinical and experimental studies. Ginkgo tinctures are also effective if careful attention is placed on the quality of tincture obtained.

Ginkgo and the Brain

Research has shown Ginkgo to have numerous effects on the brain.

Ginkgo normalizes circulation by producing tonic effects on the blood vessels. Ginkgo causes the blood vessels to dilate, thereby increasing circulation and delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain cells. Ginkgo has been shown to increase the circulation in the brain in areas most affected by clots (5).
Metabolic reactions produce free radicals that are very reactive by-products and will attack cellular membranes. Ginkgo works as an anti-oxidant to protect the membranes of the brain cells from damage (5).
Nerve cell transmission is dependent on the transport of potassium into (and sodium out of) the cell. Ginkgo increases the rate at which this happens; thus information is transmitted faster at the nerve cell level (4).
Ginkgo has an anti-platelet effect, which decreases the chance of blood clot formation in all areas of the body (6).

Ginkgo is extremely safe. Side effects are uncommon if taken appropriately. There has been concern raised regarding drug/herb interactions with Ginkgo, and blood thinning medications because of its anti-platelet effects. Prudence in taking this herb should be indicated in this situation.

Ginkgo has many benefits so to call it the "memory" or "brain" herb does not do it justice. It has been used to help with impotence, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), multiple sclerosis, neuralgia and neuropathy. Recent research has shown it to be effective in delaying mental deterioration in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The essence of Ginkgo is "nourishment." While each of our cells gain nourishment through improved circulation, so too do our minds gain nourishment from the many centuries of wisdom Ginkgo brings with it. It truly is "food for thought."

References

Murray, Michael T. 1995. The Healing Power of Herbs. Prima Publishing, Inc. p. 145.
Hindmarch, I. and Sughan, A. 1984. The Psychopharmacological Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract in Normal Healthy Volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 4, 89-93.
Peters, H, Kieser M, Holscher U. 1998. Demonstration of the Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba Special Extract on Intermittent Claudication: a Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Multi-center Trial. Vasa: 27(2): 106-110.
Gessner, B., Boelp, A., and Klasser, M. 1985. Study of the long-term action of Ginkgo biloba extract on vigilance and mental performance as determined by means of quantitative pharmaco-EEG and psychometric measurements. Arzneimittel-Forsch 35, 1459-1465, 1985.
DeFeudis FV (editor). 1991. Ginkgo biloba Extract: Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Applications, Elsevier, Paris, 1991.
Kleijnen J and Knipschild P, 1991. Ginkgo biloba. Lancet 340: 136-9
Tamborini, A; Taurelle R, 1993. Value of Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract in the Management of Congestive Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome. Rev. Fr Gynecol Obstet (France) 88: 447-457.